• Acheson, James M. 1997. The politics of managing the Maine lobster industry: 1860 to the present. Human ecology. 25:1 pp 3-27.

• Anonymous. 1978. Not quite all about limited entry. Oregon Commercial Fisheries 10(1). Corvallis, OR: Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Oregon State University Extension Service.
  Reports on a spirited discussion of limited entry held at the July, 1978 National Conference to Consider Limited Entry as a Tool in Fishery Management. A case study in the difficulty of managing the commons.

• Agar, M. 1980. The Professional Stranger. New York: Academic Press.
  A clearly written, interesting introduction to ethnographic research.

• Alkire, C. 1993. Wild Salmon as Natural Capital: Accounting for Sustainable Use. Washington D.C.: The Wilderness Society.
  Analyzes the economic value of salmon, showing that the benefits of protection outweigh the costs.

• Andersen, R. 1978. The need for human sciences research in Atlantic coast fisheries. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35(7)1031-1049.
  Argues that the fishing enterprise cannot be isolated from those who depend on it for their livelihood, and that by controlling changes in the fishing industry, it is possible to optimize the social benefit of the industry.

• Damron, J. E. 1975. The emergence of salmon trolling on the American Northwest coast: a maritime historical geography.  Ph.D. diss., University of Oregon.
  Describes how trolling developed between 1908 and 1912 as a supplement to gill netting. Four geographic areas typified trolling. northern California, the Columbia River, Puget Sound, and southeast Alaska. As the resource began a slow decline in the 1930s, trolling boats adapted by being fitted for multiple fisheries.

• Danowski, F. 1980. Fishermen's Wives: Coping with an Extraordinary Occupation . NOAA/Sea Grant Marine Bulletin 37. Kingston, RI: University of Rhode Island, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology.
  Reports on the roles of fishermen' s wives in supporting the activities of commercial fishermen in the Port of Point Judith, Rhode Island.

• Davis, A., and C. Bailey. 1996. Common in custom, uncommon in advantage: common property, local elites, and alternative approaches to fisheries management. Society and Natural Resources 9:251-265.
  Examines case study and social research literature, highlighting conceptual-analytical strengths, shortcomings, and lessons related to fisheries management concerns.

• Davis, D. 1986. Occupational community and fishermen' s wives in a Newfoundland fishing village. Anthropology Quarterly 59(3):129-142.
  This analysis of women'ss activities in a Newfoundland fishing village demonstrates that women act as arbiters of community ideology and identity through their family and household roles, extensive participation in women's s voluntary associations, and labor in the fish processing sector.

• Davis, S. W. and H. D. Radtke. 1994.  A Demographic and Economic Description of the Oregon Coast. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  A frequently updated source of economic and demographic data for coastal communities such as Brookings, Charleston, Astoria, and Newport. Includes population and social characteristics; descriptions of fishing, agriculture, tourism, timber, and other industries; and a discussion of planning and policy issues.

• Dewees, C. 1985. Technical innovation in the Pacific coast commercial trawling and salmon trolling fisheries . Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.
  Examines the reasons fishers adopt or reject technical innovations related to fishing gear, safety equipment, and refrigeration. Results indicate that the attributes of innovations, as perceived by fishers, are critical in determining adoption or rejection. Results lead to recommendations for improving fishery extension, research, and management programs. A part of this dissertation dealing with the trawl fleet between Santa Barbara and Newport, Oregon, was published in Human Organization 47(3):224-234.

• Dixon, R., R. Lowery, J. Sabella, and M. Hepburn. 1984. Fishermen' s wives: a case study of a middle Atlantic coastal fishing community. Sex Roles 10,1/2:33-52.
  Uses ethnography and a survey to describe and compare North Carolina fishermen' s wives with nonfishermen's wives and fishermen from the same area. Finds that fishermen' s wives are "substantially less than enthusiastic" about their husbands' occupations and that they dissuade their children from entering fishing.

• Dodds, B. 1959. The Salmon King of Oregon: R. D. Hume and the Pacific Fisheries . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  Describes Hume' s innovation as a salmon processor, first on the Sacramento River, then on the Columbia, and finally on the Rogue. Details his experiments in propagation and his control of the Rogue River fishery until the early 1900s.

• Dyer, C. L., and J. R. McGoodwin, eds. 1994.  Folk Management in the World. s Fisheries: Lessons for Modern Fisheries Management . Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado.
  Presents folk management, which addresses sustainability issues by engaging user cooperation, as an alternative approach to fisheries management. Examines the concept of cooperative management, using studies and ethnographies from around the world.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with E.

• Feeny, D., S. Hanna, and A. F. McEvoy. 1996. Questioning the "tragedy of the commons" model of fisheries. Land Economics 72(2):187-205.
  Challenges the "tragedy of the commons" assumption that resources held in common will be overexploited. Critiques six assumptions contained in the tragedy of the commons model regarding individual motivations and characteristics, institutional arrangements, interaction among users, users' ability to create new arrangements, and the behavior of regulatory authorities.

• Finch, R. 1985. Fishery management under the Magnuson Act. Marine Policy July:170-177.
  Considers the effectiveness of the Magnuson Act, concluding that although its management mechanisms work well, the act has succeeded more in developing fisheries than in conserving and restoring stocks.

• Fitchen, J. M. 1990. How do you know what to ask if you haven't listened first?: Using anthropological methods to prepare for survey research. The Rural Sociologist Spring:15-22.
  A primer on using qualitative social research to design better surveys. Underscores the importance of ethnography as a base for quantitative research.

• Fortmann, L. P., J. Kusel, and S. K. Fairfax. 1989.  Community stability: the foresters' fig leaf. In Community Stability in Forest-Based Economies . D. C. LeMaster and J. H. Beuter, eds. Pp. 44-50. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
  Examines the political dimensions of community stability and its relationship to sustained-yield forestry. Suggests the concept of "community well-being" as an alternative to "community stability" as it has been redefined in industrial forestry.

• Fricke, P. 1985a.  The use of sociological information in the allocation of natural resources: a comparison of practices. The Rural Sociologist 5(2):96-103.
  Discusses the use of sociological information by natural resource managers, using the U.S. Forest Service and National Marine Fisheries Service as examples. Despite Magnuson and EPA requirements, sociological data (as of 1985) were neglected by these agencies although the Forest Service used it to a limited extent.

• Fricke, P. 1985b.  Use of sociological data in the allocation of common property resources: a comparison of practices. Marine Policy 9(1):39-52.
  A review of the use of sociological data in Fishery Management Plans, noting the incompleteness of data covering categories outlined in the National Standard Guidelines: ethnicity, family structure, community organization, age, education, employment, recreational fishing, fishery dependence, and income distribution. Contains references on the social analysis of U.S. fisheries.

• Fricke, P. 1994.  Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment. Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles . U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-16.
  A primer on social impact assessment. Discusses the need for better understanding the social consequences of programs and policies. Includes a basic model for social impact assessment, steps and principles for the assessment process, and a useful bibliography.

• Hall, R., ed. 1995. People of the Coquille Estuary: Native Use of Resources on the Oregon Coast. Corvallis, OR: Words and Pictures Unlimited.
  An archaeological and ethnographic review of native and European settlement of the Coquille estuary.

• Hamburg, K. 1994. Oakridge, Westfir propose timber trust to create jobs. Oregonian, July 7, p. B2.
  Describes the Oakridge Forest Trust, which aims at community-based management of timber harvesting in the Oakridge/Westfir area.

• Hanson, E. E. 1998. Oregon coastal residents' attitudes on community participation in fisheries management. Master's thesis, Oregon State University.
  Reports on a study exploring whether Oregon fishing community residents are amenable to the concept of community management of commercial fisheries and what makes them more or less likely to support a community management approach.

• Hanna, S. 1990. The eighteenth century English commons: a model for ocean management. Journal of Ocean and Shoreline Management 14:155-172.
  Uses the 18th-century English commons as an example of a successful resource- management institution that coordinated multiple resource uses, was flexible to changing environmental conditions, and embodied community control. The historical record on the enclosure of the commons suggests parallels with current privatization efforts that raise troubling distributional questions. Discusses issues central to the adaptation of the commons structure to current ocean management needs.

• Hanna, S. 1991. The supply of Pacific U.S. groundfish: harvesting, processing, marketing and regulation. In Econometric Modeling of the World Trade in Groundfish. W. E. Schrank and N. Roy, eds. Pp. 225-240. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Publishers, NATO ASI Series.
  A detailed description of the west coast groundfishery. Discussion of major species landed, methods of harvesting and processing, the market sector, and management issues. Includes graphs.

• Hanna, S. 1992. Interactions between shellfish and groundfish fisheries on the west coast: the need for system management. Journal of Shellfish Research 11(1):131-139.
  Describes the groundfish trawl/shrimp trawl/crab pot fishery combination frequently found on the west coast. Discusses the nature of fishery interactions, the factors that link these fisheries, and implications for management.

• Hanna, S. 1994a. Co-management. In Limiting Access to Marine Fisheries: Keeping the Focus on Conservation. K. L. Gimbel, ed. Pp. 233-242. Washington, D.C.: Center for Marine Conservation and World Wildlife Fund.
  Discusses the benefits and costs of co-management, in which power is shared between government agencies and user groups. Co-management. s goals extend beyond efficiency to include equity and legitimacy. It requires investment in human resources and the development of coordination and negotiation skills.

• Hanna, S. 1994b. Portfolio selection of fishing strategies in a multispecies fishery. In Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade. Pp. 727-737. Paris, France.
  Examines the portfolio properties of mixed-species groundfish catches resulting from different fishing strategies. Analyzes the reduction in revenue variability from catch mixes as contrasted with single-species catches.

• Hanna, S. 1995a. Efficiencies of user participation in natural resource management. In Property Rights and the Environment: Social and Ecological Issues. S. Hanna and M. Munasinghe, eds. Pp. 59-67. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  Focuses on the efficiency of resource management and the role played by user participation in management costs. Outlines how user participation in management can either increase or decrease management costs, depending on how participation is structured and used.

• Hanna, S. 1995b. Institutional response to scarcity in Pacific groundfish fisheries. In Proceedings of the 7th Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade. D. Liao, ed. Taipei, Taiwan.
  Analyzes the management evolution that has accompanied the resource decline in the Pacific groundfish fishery. Describes three stages of fishery evolution during the period 1978-1992, analyzes the effect of increasing resource scarcity on management costs, and details the responses that have attempted to contain management costs.

• Hanna, S. 1995c. User participation and fishery management performance within the Pacific Fishery Management Council. Ocean and Coastal Management 28 (1-3):23-44.
  Describes four measures of management performance that are pertinent to sustainability: equity, stewardship, regulatory resilience, and efficiency. Analyzes three cases of user participation in groundfish management and how they relate to the four measures of management performance.

• Hanna, S. 1996b. Social and economic path dependence in the construction of market-based fishery programs. In Social Implications of Quota Systems in Fisheries. G. Palsson and G. Petursdottir, eds. Pp. 133-146. Copenhagen: Nordic Council.
  Discusses sociocultural resistance to market-based fishery management programs worldwide. Uses three case studies to present the importance of cultural context in program development.

• Hanna, S. 1997a. Scarcity, embeddedness and distribution in ecological policy. Human Ecology Review 4(1):43-44.
  This short forum paper argues that distributional issues are at the core of all ecological policy and can hinder effective policy implementation. Discusses how policy implementation can be confounded by resource scarcity and by the embeddedness of people within larger social and economic spheres.

• Hanna, S. 1997b. The new frontier of American fishery governance. Ecological Economics 20(3):221-233.
  Discusses the institutional transformation necessary to achieve sustainable governance of fisheries. Includes a historical overview of the American use of resources as frontiers, rather than commons, and outlines behavioral differences between the users of frontiers and commons. Discusses the conditions required to develop institutions that are geared toward sustainable fishery management.

• Hanna, S. In press. Co-management in small-scale fisheries: creating effective links among stakeholders. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Community-Based Resource Management. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  Describes some problems with centralized resource management that have led to proposals for community-based resource management. Analyzes, for small-scale fisheries, the economic dynamics that influence the effectiveness of co-management systems. Focuses on the transaction costs of co-management and its requirements for human capital. Provides international examples of fishery co-management in practice.

• Hanna, S. 1998. Institutions and the resolution of resource conflicts: principles and practice. In From the Rivers to the Sea: Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Third International Conference on the Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas and the Seventh Stockholm Water Symposium.
  Examines how resource management institutions incorporate incentives that affect conflict resolution. Provides examples of conflict resolution in Oregon watershed councils; Willapa Bay, Washington; and the Columbia River.

• Hanna, S., and S. Jentoft. 1996. Human use of the natural environment: an overview of social and economic dimensions. In Rights to Nature: Ecological, Economic, Cultural and Political Principles of Institutions for the Environment. S. Hanna, C. Folke, and K.-G. Maler, eds. Pp. 35-56. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  Provides an overview of the ways in which humans interact with the natural environment. Discusses the social and economic dimensions of views of nature, human behavior, resource use, and resource management institutions.

• Hanna, S., and M. Munasinghe, eds. 1995. Property Rights and the Environment: Social and Ecological Issues. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  A series of essays on property rights and ecological systems. Includes writings on the management of transboundary resources such as fisheries, and user participation in natural resource management.

• Hanna, S., and M. Munasinghe, eds. 1995. Property Rights in a Social and Ecological Context. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  A collection of essays on the social and ecological implications of property rights, with examples from around the world. Emphasizes the importance of understanding how property rights function in relation to humans and the environment.

• Hanna, S., and C. L. Smith. 1993a. Attitudes of trawl vessel captains about work, resource use, and fishery management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13(2):367-375.
  Discusses a survey of trawl vessel captains, who are found to be diverse in their lifestyles and views toward work, risks, and the ocean environment. These findings challenge prevailing assumptions about fishers and have important implications for fishery management.

• Hanna, S., and C. L. Smith. 1993b. Resolving allocation conflicts in fishery management. Society and Natural Resources 6(1):55-69.
  Presents four case studies of allocation management conflicts in the U.S. Pacific: fixed gear vs. trawl gear; treaty vs. nonnon-treatysheries; the multilevel halibut fishery; and commercial vs. recreational fisheries. Discusses the processes used to solve these conflicts and characterizes the authoritative and participatory approaches to natural-resource conflict resolution.

• Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1248.
  Hardin' s classic work on the dangers of public resource use, with the English commons as an example.

• Harman, E. J. 1988. Strategy selection in the Oregon trawl fisheries. Master' s thesis, Oregon State University.
  Using the Oregon trawl fishery as an example, this study explores different fishing strategies, from specialization to diversification. Fishers report that management significantly influences their selection of fishing strategies.

• Harry, G. Y. Jr., and A. R. Morgan. 1963. History of the Oregon Trawl Fishery, 1884-1961. Portland, OR: Oregon Fish Commission Research Brief, 9:1:5-26.
  Excellent description of the early Oregon trawl fishery, the development based on pilchard during the 1930s, and the impacts of World War II and the postwar mink food industry.

• Hatley, T. A. 1976. Efficiency in Oregon's commercial salmon fisheries: a historical perspective. Master's thesis, Oregon State University.
  Compares harvesting efficiency in the Oregon troll and gillnet fisheries, and the implications for management.

• Hayden, M. V. 1930. History of the salmon industry in Oregon. Master's thesis, University of Oregon.
  A history of the Oregon salmon industry, with a focus on Columbia River gill netting.

• Hibbard, M., and L. Davis. 1986. When the going gets tough: economic reality and the cultural myths of small-town America. American Public Administration Journal 52(4):419-428.
  Using Oakridge, Oregon, as an example, this paper discusses the idealized image of small-town America and how it influences residents' notions of community and social relationships. This idealization leads to self-deception and has important implications for planning and resource management.

• Hibbard, M., and J. Elias. 1993. The failure of sustained yield forestry and the decline of the flannel shirt frontier. In Forgotten Places: Uneven Development in Rural America. W. W. Falk, ed. Pp. 195-217. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
  Examines the history of sustained-yield forestry, using Oakridge, Oregon, as an example. Includes discussions of community stability as it relates to the timber industry; the recent history and culture of the timber industry; and the importance of recognizing community identity when managing resources and development.

• Hittell, J. S. 1882. The Commerce and Industries of the Pacific Coast of North America. San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft.
  Describes canneries, fishing practices, and communities in the early days of the salmon industry. Gives history of many canning establishments and provides estimates for Columbia River pack prior to 1881.

• Holm, D. 1976. The dory story in Oregon. Oregonian, May 2.
  Describes the use of dories in the Pacific City dory fishery.

• Hume, R. D. 1893. Salmon of the Pacific Coast. San Francisco: Schmidt Label and Lithograph.
  One of the first Columbia River canners discusses the natural history of salmon, the effects of human development on the fish, and propagation techniques for salmon.

• Hume, R. D. 1908. Solution of the salmon popagation [sic] problem. Pacific Fisherman 6.
  Advocates the value of hatcheries and reports on Hume's experience with salmon propagation on the Rogue River.

• Hume, R. D. 1961. A Pygmy Monopolist: The Life and Doings of R. D. Hume, Written by Himself and Dedicated to His Neighbors. Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
  An autobiography of one of the first salmon canners on the Columbia River, originally published by Hume in his own newspaper, the Wedderburn Radium, between 1904 and 1906.

• Huppert, D. D., ed. Limited Access Alternatives for the Pacific Groundfish Fishery. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 52. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
  A collection of papers exploring different aspects of limited access, including a profile of the groundfish fishery, elements of a limited access program, and examinations of legal, administrative, and economic aspects of limited entry.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with I.

• Jensen, V. M. 1970. Early Days on the Upper Willamette. Oakridge, OR: Upper Willamette Pioneer Association.
  A history of the upper Willamette community, including Oakridge, Oregon. Details on settlement and the early days of the timber industry. Photographs.

• Jensen, W. S. 1976. The Salmon Processing Industry, Part One: The Institutional Framework and Its Evolution. Publication no. ORESU-T-76-003. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant and Agricultural Experiment Station.
  A history of the salmon industry in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on the state of Washington. Presents a market structure analysis of the Puget Sound salmon fishery and discusses the biological forces and technological changes that shaped the salmon canning industry.

• Jensen, W. S., and D. M. Egan. 1978. Washington State Gear Reduction Program. Portland, OR: Lewis and Clark College.
  Summarizes the results of a Washington commercial gear buy out associated with implementing the Boldt decision and moving Washington's fishing effort from commercial to recreational.

• Jenson, J. 1990. Rural families in transition. In National Rural Studies Committee: A Proceedings. Cedar Falls, IA. E. Castle and B. Baldwin, eds. Pp. 9-19. Corvallis, OR: Western Rural Development Center.
  Discusses the experiences of rural families during times of transition, and their relationship with government-based and informal, community-based support mechanisms.

• Jentoft, S. 1989. Fisheries co-management: delegating government responsibility to fishermen's organizations. Marine Policy 13(2):137-154.
  Addresses the role of cooperative organizations in fisheries management and the ability of fishers' organizations to handle regulatory functions. Explores problems and benefits inherent in cooperative management.

• Jentoft, S., and B. J. McCay. 1995. User participation in fisheries management: lessons drawn from international experience. Marine Policy 19(3):227-246.
  Summarizes the findings of two studies of government-industry interaction in the seven Nordic countries, the USA, Canada, Spain, France, and New Zealand. Focuses on how user participation is incorporated into fisheries management.

• Jentoft, S., B. J. McCay, and D. C. Wilson. 1998. Social theory and fisheries co-management. Marine Policy 22(4/5):423-436.
  An analysis of the debate over the effectiveness of fishery co-management processes. Addresses problems with co-management from the perspective of its embeddedness in human communities.

• Johannes, R. E. 1978. Traditional marine conservation methods in Oceania and their demise. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9:349-364.
  Describes and relates the decline of the millenia-old sustainable fisheries system used in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia.

• Jones, W. G., and G. Y. Harry Jr. 1961. The Oregon Trawl Fishery for Mink Food-- 1948-1957. Research Brief No. 8(1):14-30. Portland, OR: Oregon Fish Commission.
  An excellent historical document outlining the development of the trawl fishery to supply mink farms.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with K.

• Larkin, P. A. 1977. An epitaph for the concept of maximum sustained yield. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 106(1):1-11.
  Argues for a technocentric approach to fishing management, with fish first, economics second, and social problems a "distant" third. Notes that maximum sustainable yield may be rejected in favor of new concepts, but it has served to curb many fisheries problems.

• Lee, K. N. 1993. Compass and Gyroscope. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  Discusses the application of adaptive management in the Northwest Power Planning Council. Advocates a process of civic science in which science is the compass that identifies directions that will not work, and democracy is the gyroscope that keeps the process on course.

• Lee, R. G. 1989. Community stability: symbol or social reality? In Community Stability in Forest-Based Economies. D. C. LeMaster and J. H. Beuter, eds. Pp. 36-48. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
  Explores the meaning of community stability and the fact that it is not well understood. Discusses the idealism inherent in American views of "community" and the tension between these idealized views and the realities of natural resource-based communities. Presents approaches for measuring community stability.

• Liao, D. S., and J. B. Stevens. 1977. The economic performance of Oregon. s commercial fishermen in 1972. Marine Fisheries Review 39(8):17-22.
  Points out that most salmon trollers and gillnetters fished at an economic loss. The study's goal was to determine the fees necessary to reduce effort in Oregon fisheries to achieve limited entry.

• Lipset, S. M. et al. 1956. Union Democracy. Chicago, IL : Free Press.
  An early study of occupational community, focusing on the United States printers union.

• National Marine Fisheries Service. 1993. Our Living Oceans: Report on the Status of U.S. Living Marine Resources, 1993. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service.
  A status review of U.S. living marine resources, providing an overview of the health of U.S. marine fisheries and protected marine mammals and sea turtles. Includes synopses focusing on the status of Pacific groundfish and salmon fisheries, Pacific marine mammals, Alaska groundfish and salmon fisheries, and other U.S. fisheries.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. Ongoing. Preseason Reports I, II, and III. Stock Abundance Analysis for 19__ Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Pacific Fishery Management Council. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  Gives the options for fishing times, locations, and species. The options are based on data from the Review document (see no. 144). This report is updated twice, so there are I, II, and III versions.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. Ongoing. Review of 19__ Ocean Salmon Fisheries. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  Annual updates of statistics on ocean salmon fisheries. Detailed fish statistics, harvest rules, and evaluation of status of stocks. Contains limited socioeconomic data.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1984. Final Framework Amendment for Managing the Ocean Salmon Fisheries off the Coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California Commencing in 1985. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  The overall plan for salmon management along the Pacific coast. This plan set the general goals and is updated annually.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. Ongoing. Status of the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Through 19__ and Recommended Acceptable Biological Catches for 19__. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  A yearly report presenting the history of groundfish fishery management up to the current year, the economic status of the fishery, and final acceptable biological catch and harvest guidelines for groundfish for the current year. Includes detailed tables and figures.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1993. Historical Ocean Salmon Fishery Data for Washington, Oregon and California. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  Tables of historical data by state, from as early as data were available to 1990. Data for recreational and commercial catches are divided by area within each state.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1998. Amendment 8 (Individual Quotas) to the Fishery Management Plan for Pacific Coast Groundfish. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  A review of options and recommendations for action on individual quotas.

• Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1992. Amendment 6 (Limited Entry) to the Fishery Management Plan for Pacific Coast Groundfish. Portland, OR: Pacific Fishery Management Council.
  A review of options and recommendations for action on limited entry.

• Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Ongoing. __ Annual Report, For the Year 19__. Gladstone, OR: Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission.
  Covers annual actions of the Commission. A data section gives historical trends for Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California by state and provides general totals by species fished.

• Peluso, N. L., C. R. Humphrey, and L. P. Fortmann. 1994. The rock, the beach and the tidal pool: people and poverty in natural resource-dependent areas. Society and Natural Resources 7(1):23-38.
  Discusses the unique properties of natural resource-dependent areas that create the potential for social poverty, including resource degradation, restrictive public land use policies, concentrated land ownership, and high rates of occupational injury. Examines two theories of poverty: advanced capitalism and internal colonialism.

• Pinkerton, E. W., ed. 1989. Cooperative Management of Local Fisheries: New Directions for Improved Management and Community Development. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
  A reader of articles on community-based and cooperative management. Main topics are Indian-state co-management in the Pacific Northwest, nonindigenous commercial fishers creating regional and local co-management, creative institutional response in relation to aboriginal fishing rights, provisions in comprehensive claims for native self-management, and British Columbia native fishers.

• Pinkerton, E. W. 1992. Translating legal rights into management practice: overcoming barriers to the exercise of co-management. Human Organization 51(4):330-341.
  Examines strategies used successfully by environmental groups and Indian tribes to procure co-management agreements and have the agreements implemented.

• Pinkerton, E. W. 1993. Co-management efforts as social movements. Alternatives 19(3):33-38.
  Discusses efforts toward the development of the Tin Wis Forest Stewardship Act in British Columbia, a co-management approach bringing together trade unions, environmentalists, small businesses, and government. Notes four sociological and six political conditions necessary for the success of social movements.

• Pinkerton, E. W. 1995. Fisheries that Work: Sustainability Through Community-Based Management: A Report to the David Suzuki Foundation. Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation.
  Uses success stories from around the world to describe necessary steps for creating community-based sustainable fisheries.

• Pollnac, R. B., and S. J. Littlefield. 1983. Sociocultural aspects of fisheries management. Ocean Development and International Law Journal 12(3-4):209-246.
  Examines sociocultural impacts of management decisions and makes suggestions concerning the integration of sociocultural data with bioeconomic data in developing models to be used in fisheries management. Examines the social environment of fisheries management, and describes successful traditional fishery management methods.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with Q.

• Radtke, H. D. 1992. Economic Contribution of Salmon to Oregon's Coastal Communities. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  Provides a history of the commercial fishing industry from 1820 to 1991 and a discussion of harvest patterns, coastal fishing communities, changes in the seafood industry, and interception of Oregon salmon in other areas.

• Radtke, H. D. 1992. A General Description of the Seafood Processing Industry in Oregon. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  Identifies processors located in Oregon ports, describes their affiliations, and reports areas served and species processed. References Brookings, Astoria, Newport, and Charleston.

• Radtke, H. D. 1994. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest Economy. Prepared for the Columbia River Alliance, Portland, OR.
  Estimates the total income generated by harvest of Columbia River salmon. Columbia River chinook generated $45 million in 1993-half in the ocean and half in the river. Harvests in Alaska and British Columbia accounted for half the ocean income.

• Radtke, H. D. 1996. The Cost of Doing Nothing: The Economic Burden of Salmon Declines in the Columbia River Basin. Eugene, OR: Institute for Fisheries Resources, Northwest Regional Office.
  Identifies the impact of loss in personal income caused by reduced availability and catches of Columbia River salmon.

• Radtke, H. D. 1988. Community impacts of the sablefish fishery in Oregon and Washington. Yachats, OR. Photocopy.
  Compares changes in the sablefish industry in Oregon and Washington between 1983 and 1987. Provides a representative description of vessels harvesting sablefish.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1993. Economic description of coastal fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. Yachats, OR. Photocopy.
  In 1989, 36 percent of personal income in Oregon coastal communities was generated by natural resources. Eight percent of the total personal income came from fishing. By 1992, reductions in salmon catch reduced income by 86 percent.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1994. The Economics of Ocean Fishery Management in Oregon. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  Estimates personal income from fishing for major Washington, Oregon, and California ports.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1994. Oregon's commercial fishing industry in 1992 and 1993. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  A review of Oregon. s commercial fishing industry, containing the total volume and value of landings in Oregon, their contribution to the state. s economy, and an estimate of the economic impacts of distant-water fisheries.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1995. Estimates of Economic Impacts from Ocean and Lower Estuary Commercial and Recreational Salmon Fisheries in 1995. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  A study of the economic impacts of ocean commercial and recreational salmon fisheries, and coastal stream and estuary recreational fisheries.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1996. Lower Columbia River/Young's Bay Terminal Fisheries Expansion Project. Astoria, OR: Salmon For All.
  A business plan for the Clatsop Economic Development Council Fisheries Project. Summarizes market potential, financial plan, and economic contribution of smolt release programs in the lower Columbia and Youngs Bay.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1997. Final Report, Oregon Ports Economic Contribution Study. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  Summarizes the many statistics about Oregon ports in terms of amount of shipping, economic indicators, and budgets. Evaluates the importance of Oregon ports to the economy.

• Radtke, H. D., and S. W. Davis. 1998. Oregon's commercial fishing industry in 1996 and 1997. Yachats, OR. Photocopy.
  A review of Oregon's commercial fishing industry, containing the total volume and value of landings in Oregon, their contribution to the state's economy, and an estimate of the economic impacts of distant-water fisheries.

• Radtke, H. D., and W. S. Jensen. N.d. Oregon's Commercial Fishing Industry: Its Importance to Oregon's Economy. Portland, OR: West Coast Fisheries Development Foundation.
  Summarizes the history of Oregon's commercial fishing industry prior to and after 1960. Describes the major gear types and reports the 1986 fishing income for Astoria, Brookings, Coos Bay, Newport, and Tillamook and for the state of Oregon by species.

• Radtke, H. D., and W. S. Jensen. 1988. An Economic Description of the Oregon Commercial Troll Salmon Fishery. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program.
  Results of a survey conducted during the best fishing year of the 1980s and 1990s. Documents that fishers place a higher value on fishing than measured by their gross income.

• Rettig, R. B., and K. J. Roberts. 1971. Commercial Seafood Industry of Oregon: A Comparison with Other Regions of the United States. Special Report No. 331. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant.
  Written shortly after the creation of Oregon Sea Grant, this overview of Oregon's seafood industry summarizes information about employment in Oregon's fishing and processing sectors in the 1960s and reviews national information to provide a comparison. A third section discusses the demand for seafood and factors determining its values.

• Rettig, R. B., and J. C. Ginter, eds. 1978. Limited Entry as a Fishery Management Tool. Proceedings of the National Conference to Consider Limited Entry as a Tool in Fishery Management. Denver. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  A collection of papers discussing the principles of limited entry and relating experiences with limited entry from Alaska, Michigan, Wisconsin, Washington, British Columbia, and Australia. Written two years after passage of the Magnuson Act.

• Richards, J. 1968. An economic evaluation of Columbia River anadromous fish programs. Ph.D. diss., Oregon State University.
  Evaluates the costs and benefits of public programs aimed at maintaining Columbia River anadromous fish runs and the value of Columbia River fisheries. Among the first attempts to make such an estimate. Good data on expenditures for fish passage.

• Ricker, W. E. 1975. Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations. Ottawa: Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service.
  Describes methods used in fishery biology and management. Includes a glossary of biological terms relevant to fishery management.

• Robbins, W. G. 1986. Hard Times in Paradise: Coos Bay, Oregon, 1850-1986. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  Covers the 136-year history of logging and the vulnerability of a local economy to market fluctuations. Describes life in a resource-based economy dependent on economic conditions beyond the control of the local community. Shows the transition from perspectives of unlimited resources to scarcity and economic decline.

• Roth, D. 1991. Community stability, rural development, and the Forest Service. Rural Development Perspectives. October-January:35-39.
  Discusses the Forest Service's approach to community stability and how this approach has changed as public values regarding forests have changed.

• Ruddle, K. 1994. A Guide to the Literature on Traditional Community-Based Fishery Management in the Asia-Pacific Tropics. Fisheries Circular Number 869, FIPP/C869. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
  A country-by-country guide to literature on traditional Asia-Pacific fisheries management systems. Discusses their geographical distribution and characteristics, and explores major research issues related to traditional fisheries management.

• Ruddle, K., and T. Akimichi. 1984. Maritime Institutions in the Western Pacific. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
  A collection of papers on fisheries management in the western Pacific, mainly Japan. Topics include sea tenure in feudal Japan, historical development of territorial rights and fishery regulations, territorial regulation in small-scale fisheries, subsistence and commercial fishing, a review of seven important fishing disputes, fisheries cooperatives, social organization and types of sea tenure, aboriginal claims to coastal waters, traditional marine reserves, and defense of customary inshore sea rights.

• Russell, E. S. 1942. The Overfishing Problem. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press. A series of five lectures given in 1939.
  Topics described are the exploitation of fish stocks, the depletion of older grounds, age analysis in fish populations, the overfishing problem, and the regulation of the sea fisheries. Includes graphs and index.

• Salmon for All. 1996. Lower Columbia River salmon business plan for terminal fisheries. Portland, OR: Salmon for All.
  Presents a detailed description of the Columbia River salmon fishery, including overviews of the industry, its products, its markets, and economic profiles. Suggests options for management of the fishery. Includes a Radtke and Davis report on the Youngs Bay terminal fisheries project.

• Schallau, C. H., and R. M. Alston. 1987. The commitment to community stability: policy or shibboleth? Environmental Law 17(3):429-481.
  Looks at the Forest Service's stated objectives regarding community stability, and the difficulty in evaluating compliance with these objectives.

• Schallau, C. H. 1990. Community stability: issues, institutions and instruments. In Community and Forestry: Continuities in the Sociology of Natural Resources. R. G. Lee, D. R. Field, and W. R. Burch, Jr., eds. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  Examines forest management policy issues that relate to community stability, and the history of the community stability concept. Provides an overview of economic literature on community stability.

• Schuler, Francis M. 1974. Distributional considerations in the allocation of the production costs of marketable public outputs with application to Columbia River salmon hatcheries. Ph.D. diss., University of Rhode Island.
  Documents the greater value of hatcheries to recreational fishing.

• Shaffer, C., and K. Anundsen. 1993. Creating Community Anywhere: Finding Support and Connection in a Fragmented World. New York, NY: Tarcher/Perigee.
  Examines different forms of communities and advocates creating new "conscious" communities that reflect our culture's increased flexibility. Discusses how to strengthen community connections and improve group dynamics. Provides references to organizations and resources focused on building communities.

• Slickpoo, A. P. Sr., and D. E. Walker, Jr. 1973. Noon Nee-Me-Poo: Culture and History of the Nez Perces. Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho. Lapwai, ID: Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho.
  A source for the transcript of treaty negotiations at Walla Walla between the U.S. government and current members of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. Pages 83 to 142 contain a true copy of the Treaty of Walla Walla.

• Smith, C. L. 1974. Oregon Fish Fights. Publication no. ORESU-T-74-004. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant College.
  Describes ballot measure conflicts over allowable gear in Oregon salmon fisheries from 1908 to 1974. Written as background on the 1975 Oregon ballot initiative to make steelhead a game fish.

• Smith, C. L. 1977. Fish or Cut Bait. Publication no. ORESU-T-77-006. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program.
  A brief history of Oregon's commercial fisheries. Discusses Native American fisheries and treaties; the introduction of the European fisheries; the Columbia River salmon fishery; diversification into other species; the impacts of various ballot measures on allocation; and the search for stability in the commercial fisheries. Annotated bibliography.

• Smith, C. L. 1979. Salmon Fishers of the Columbia. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
  A history of the Columbia River canned salmon industry, from the 1800s to the 1970s. Discusses the fishers, canners, loss of habitat, fish fights, and fishery regulation. Includes photographs, maps, and diagrams of historical fishing methods.

• Smith, C. L. 1980a. Attitudes about the value of steelhead and salmon angling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 109:272-281.
  Explores the factors that make fishing important to anglers and analyzes the importance of five factors: personal economic well-being, general economic well-being, professionalism, pleasure, and identity. A 1977 survey found that pleasure and identity were more important to anglers than economic factors.

• Smith, C. L. 1980b. Management provoked conflict in fisheries management. Environmental Management 4(1):7-11.
  Examines the conflict between social goals and values held by fisheries managers and those held by fishers and the public. Points out that fishery management raises frustration among fishers because management reduces fishers' ability to meet their expectations.

• Smith, C. L. 1981. Satisfaction bonus from salmon fishing: implications for economic evaluation. Land Economics 57(2):181-194.
  Discusses how the maximum sustained yield model fails to take into account cultural factors and fails to recognize the ways in which "common property institutions" deal with open access problems. Using salmon fishing as an example, this paper examines the "satisfaction bonus" and its implications for fishery management.

• Smith, C. L. 1986. The life cycle of fisheries. Fisheries 11(4):20-25.
  Uses a biological metaphor to discuss the life cycle of fisheries. As resources become scarcer, the value of fisheries moves from food production to recreation to aesthetics, and management becomes more stringent.

• Smith, C. L. 1990. Resource scarcity and inequality in the distribution of the catch. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 10(3):269-278.
  Examines the effects of limited stocks and restrictive management policies on catch distribution. Fishery management rules that apply equally to each participant in the fishery result in inequitable catch distributions, where a few fishers are very successful, while most others are left with small shares of the resource.

• Smith, C. L., and S. Hanna. 1990. Measuring fleet capacity and capacity utilization. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47:2085-2091.
  Discusses the importance to managers of understanding fleet capacity, using the Oregon bottom trawl fishery as an example. Controlling fleet capacity requires addressing the number and size of vessels, their technical efficiency, and the time commitment of fishers.

• Smith, C. L., and S. Hanna. 1993. Occupation and community as determinants of fishing behaviors. Human Organization 52(3):299-303.
  Discusses how community factors affect the behaviors of fishers. Community studies suggest the inclusion of fishing "communities of interest" in management planning. Occupational analyses indicate how fishing differs from other activities and how there is variation among fishing activities.

• Smith, F. J. 1970. Some Characteristics of Oregon Fishermen. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Sea Grant, Extension Marine Advisory Program, Commercial Fishing Publication No. 12.
  Gives demographic characteristics of commercial fishers from 1968 to 1969.

• Smith, F. J. 1978. Socio-Economics of the Idaho, Washington, Oregon and California Coho and Chinook Salmon Industry. Corvallis, OR: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University.
  Comprehensive, coastwide study of salmon fishers and communities. Detailed coverage of the socioeconomic aspects of salmon fishing along the Pacific Coast at the time the Magnuson Act was introduced.

• Smith, F. J. 1978. What Are Salmon Worth? Publication no. SG 48. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Marine Advisory Program.
  Uses nontechnical language to explain several studies on the worth of salmon. Reviews the reasons for researching the value of salmon, explains various valuation methods, and reviews existing studies.

• Smith, S. 1995. Social implications of changes in fisheries regulations for commercial fishing families. Fisheries 20(7):24-26.
  Discusses how the Florida net ban affected fishing communities.

• Spurlock, C. P. 1940. A history of the salmon industry in the Pacific Northwest. Master's thesis, University of Oregon.
  Talks about the role of salmon fishing in a mixed extractive economy.

• Squires, D., and D. D. Huppert. 1988. Measuring Harvest Capacity in the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fleet. La Jolla: National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center Administrative Report LJ-88-24.
  Explores the relationship between vessel size and groundfish landings in the 1986 groundfish fishery. Uses multiple regression equations to assess the importance of vessel size and other factors in explaining landings and to predict the amount of groundfish landed per vessel.

• Steen, H. K. 1984. History of Sustained-Yield Forestry: A Symposium. Western Forestry Center, Portland, OR. Santa Cruz, CA: Forest History Society.
  Proceedings of a 1983 symposium on sustained yield forestry. Includes history of the sustained yield concept, case studies, social dimensions, and examples from around the world, including an example from classical Greece.

• Stephenson, G. O. 1980. "Pushing for the highline": the diffusion of innovations in the Oregon otter trawl fishery. Master's thesis, Oregon State University.
  Discusses the characteristics of innovators and innovations in the otter trawl industry. Compares the characteristics of the trawl fleets in Coos Bay, Newport, and Astoria.

• Stuart, D. D. 1993. Washington Commercial Salmon Industry Long Range Business Plan. Seattle: Salmon For Washington.
  Presents a detailed plan for the involvement of the Washington commercial salmon industry in the state's economy, environment, and culture.

• Swindell, E.G., Jr. 1975. Reprint. Report on Source, Nature, and Extent of the Fishing, Hunting and Miscellaneous Related Rights of Certain Indian Tribes in Washington and Oregon, Together with Affidavits Showing Locations of a Number of Usual and Accustomed Fishing Grounds and Stations. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Land Services. Original edition, Los Angeles: United States Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Division of Forestry and Grazing, 1942.
  Contains information about tribal fishing places and techniques. Includes treaty council minutes and digest of treaty provisions.

• Taylor, J. E. 1996. Making salmon: economy, culture, and science in the Oregon fisheries, precontact to 1960. Ph.D. diss., University of Washington.
  Examines primary documents from the National Archives, Smithsonian, and regional archives to explore the context of salmon decline and the development of management from precontact periods to 1960. Emphasizes the role of artificial propagation as a tool of salmon management and discusses the inherent biases of policies that are purportedly based on science.

• The Research Group. 1997. Economic Assessment of Oregon's Groundfish Fisheries and the Impacts from Proposed Management Measures in 1998. Newport, OR: Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association.
  Predicts the consequences in terms of employment and income of reductions proposed for the Oregon groundfish fisheries.

• U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Oregon Territory. 1855. A True Copy of the Record of the Official Proceedings at the Council in the Walla Walla Valley, Held Jointly by Isaac I. Stevens, Governor, & Superintendent, Washington Territory and Joel Palmer Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Oregon Territory on the Part of the United States with the Tribes of Indians Named in the Treaties Made at the Council, June 11, 1855.
  Provides text on the issues raised by the tribes at the treaty negotiations at Walla Walla as the tribes negotiated for their fishing rights and a place for the Umatilla. Shows the attitude of U.S. treaty makers toward tribal peoples. A treaty transcript is also found in A. P. Slickpoo, Sr., and D. E. Walker, Jr., 1973, Noon Nee-Me-Poo: Culture and History of the Nez Perces, Lapwai, ID: Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho.

• Vokac, D. The Great Towns of the Pacific Northwest. 1987. West Press, San Diego.
  A popular guide to Oregon and Washington, focusing on coastal communities. Succinct descriptions of coastal towns and attractions.

• Wilen, J. E., T.-N. Chen, and F. Homans. 1991. Fishermen and labor markets: participation, earnings, and alternatives in Pacific coast fisheries. Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, Contract No. 50-ABNF-6-0016.
  Summarizes a study of labor participation and choices by commercial fishers in California. Little is known about fishing as an occupation and as an alternative to nonfiction jobs; this report aims at describing the nature of fishing as an employment alternative on the Pacific Coast.

• Wilson, J. A., J. M. Acheson, M. Metcalfe, and P. Kleban. 1994. Chaos, complexity and community management of fisheries. Marine policy 18(4):291-305.
  Asserts that difficulties in fisheries management based on stock assessments are due to the inherently chaotic nature of fisheries. Argues that management must address the relatively stable aspects of fisheries, such as habitat and basic biology. This attention to detail calls for a layered management structure and is suitable for a decentralized, community-based management approach. Reviews anthropological literature describing such approaches.

• Yomans, R., W. Rompa, and E. Ives. 1977. The Tillamook County Economy: A Working Model for Evaluating Economic Change. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station Special Report 473.
  An economic input-output model designed for the Tillamook County economy.

• Young, M. D., and B. J. McCay. 1995. Building equity, stewardship, and resilience into market-based property-rights systems. In Property Rights and the Environment: Social and Ecological Issues. S. Hanna and M. Munasinghe, eds. Pp. 87-102. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  Evaluates market-based property rights systems, focusing on equity, resiliency, and stewardship. Offers suggestions about how these criteria can be built into the design of management schemes.

• Zvonkovic, A., T. Trosper, and M. Manoogian-O. Dell. 1996. Connecting with Fathers at Sea. Corvallis, OR: Oregon Sea Grant publication ORESU-G-96-005.
  Commercial fishing can take fathers away from their families for long periods and poses a challenge to fishing families with young and growing children who may miss out on some of the special connections children need with their parents. Drawing on ideas from fishing families and the authors' backgrounds in human development and family science, this publication offers practical advice for seafaring fathers who wish to forge strong bonds with their children.