• Altrogge, Phyllis D. (1976). "Further Analysis of the Estimated 1976 Financial Condition of the American Tuna Purse Seine Fleet." Division of Economic and Marketing Research, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, January, 26 pp.
  This analysis updates the economic analysis in the Environmental Impact Statement using cost and earnings data provided by Virginia Flagg. The purpose is to present estimates of profitability of the tuna purse seine fleet in 1976 before allowance for any impact that porpoise kill-quotas or other regulatory measures may have on the fleet.

• Anonymous (1981). "Estimated Potential Socioeconomic Impacts of a Purse Seine Fleet on the Existing Mackerel Fisheries." Draft report.
  A study was conducted to estimate potential social and economic impacts on existing fisheries from the introduction of a new gear, the purse seine, for harvesting king and Spanish mackerel in the southeast region, principally Florida.

• Arnold, Vic (196?). "Shrimp." Unpublished working paper.
  In this study, vessels from 13 major Gulf of Mexico shrimp ports were surveyed to determine their cost and earning structure. This information was combined with effort data for a sample of vessels spending 50 percent or more of their time on the Tortugas shrimp grounds. Using both these series of data, broken down into vessel size categories and specifying the distribution of landings between three Florida ports, a linear programming model was developed for the expressed purpose of determining the optimal patterns, the distribution of species and the cost components of vessel operations. Using constraints based on various assumptions, results were derived that suggested considerable differences from current port use patterns. Social benefits derived from their application demonstrate the value of this technique.

• Barron, William F., Robert D. Perlack and John J. Boland. "Fundamentals of Economics for Environmental Managers". Quorum Books. Westport, Connecticut. 1998.
• Binswanger, Hans P. (1974). "A Cost Function Approach to the Measurement of Elasticities of Factor Demand and Elasticities of Substitution." American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(2):377-387.
  This paper derives the Allen partial elasticity of substitution in terms of the cross derivatives of the cost function. Then, the result is applied to the case of the translog cost function and methods to avoid estimation biases caused by neutral and non-neutral efficiency differences are presented. Finally, the translog method is used to derive estimates of elasticities of derived demand and of elasticities of substitution for the agricultural sector using U.S. cross sectional data of states for the years 1949, 1959, and 1964.

• Blomo, Vito J. and Wade L. Griffin (1978). "Costs and Returns Data: Florida-Based Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawlers, 1977." TAMU-SG-79-604, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, October, 33 pp.
  This report summarizes estimates of costs and returns for vessels of different characteristics that anchor in Florida and trawl in the Gulf of Mexico. Data for the calendar year 1977 were collected from vessel owners. Results are presented in self explanatory tables. No attempt is made to draw inferences or discuss implications of trends, or relationships that may be apparent in the data. The file also contains a June, 1978 draft final report to NMFS.

• Boyce, John R. (1993). "Using Participation Data to Estimate Fishing Costs for Commercial Salmon Fisheries in Alaska." Presented at the International Conference on Fisheries Economics, Os, Norway, May 26-28.
  Using the number of fishermen participating in a particular opening as a proxy for net revenues, estimates of fishing costs can be estimated using total revenues. The results are used to estimate producer surplus for each of nine fisheries for the 1990 season.

• Cato, James C. and Frank J. Lawlor (1981). "Small Boat Longlining For Swordfish on Florida's East Coast: An Economic Analysis." MAP-15, Marine Advisory Bulletin of Florida Sea Grant College in cooperation with the Food and resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  This bulletin contains a method for making a profitability analysis based on cost and returns of a 36 foot swordfish longline vessel on Florida's lower Atlantic coast. In addition, an number of other factors that merit consideration before becoming a fisherman are also discussed. Potential investors who are not experienced in fishing should pay particular attention to the estimated costs and returns statements. Net returns and the return on investment to an absentee owner are often much different than those to a captain/owner. The same techniques can be used in analyzing any fishery.

• Cato, James C. and Fred J. Prochaska (1976). "The Gulf of Mexico Commercial and Recreational Red Snapper-Grouper Fishery: An Economic Analysis of Production, Marketing, and Prices." Pages 95-128 in Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. and Albert C. Jones (eds.) "Proceedings: Colloquium on Snapper-Grouper Fishery Resources of the Western Central Atlantic Ocean. Report Number 17, Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, New Orleans, Louisiana, Texas A&M University Sea Grant College and Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, November, 333 pp.
  Owners and captains of both commercial red snapper boats and party boats along the north Florida Gulf coast were interviewed in 1975. Cost and return data were collected and analyzed for 1974. Also documented and analyzed was the economic importance to the region of the commercial and party boat industry. Price analyses are conducted and compared with past research. A description of marketing channels is provided with special emphasis placed on the role of imports. Finally, the need for management programs in the red snapper-grouper industry receives comment.

• Cato, James C. and Fred J. Prochaska (1977). "A Statistical and Budgetary Economic Analysis of Florida Based Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper-Grouper Vessels by Size and Location, 1974-75." Marine Fisheries Review, 39(11):6-14.
  This paper combines the analysis of production data for the northern gulf commercial vessels with additional production data collected from the Florida west coast or southeastern gulf red snapper-grouper production area to provide a comparative report on the costs and returns for vessels operation in these two areas. Two methods of analysis were used to analyze the cost and returns data. First, an ordinary least squares regression equation using dummy variables was used to determine if statistically significant differences exist in costs and revenues between port locations and size of the fishing firm. Second, specific differences in costs and revenues by firm size and port location are analyzed using detailed cost and return budgets for the four classes of vessels.

• Centaur Associates Inc. (1985). Commercial Fishing Cost Return Profiles for Gulf Coast Areas. Prepared for Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District, 109 St. Joseph Street, Mobile, Alabama. Under Contract No. DACWOl-84-C-0111.
  Final report of a shrimp vessel cost and returns survey contract of selected ports in Mississippi and Alabama. Summarized data is provided in the form of tables with some preliminary analysis of wage rates, returns to owner for management, returns to the vessel, daily operating costs, and unit operating costs. Hard copy of the raw data is also included in the file.

• Clark, Joy and Wade Griffin (1987). "Costs and Returns of Seven Texas Shrimp Vessels." Natural Resources Working Papers Series, Natural Resource Workgroup, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
  This report presents summaries of costs and returns information for seven categories of vessels shrimping off the Texas coast. This information can be compared with a vessel of similar type. Trends of revenue, variable costs and pounds landed for these categories are also presented.

• Clark, Joy L. and H. Dean Moberly (1996). "Identification and Evaluation of Alternative Enterprises for a Representative Producer in the Alabama Shrimp Fishery." The Southern Business and Economics Journal, 19(4):293-302.
  Alternatives available for a representative shrimp producer in the Alabama Gulf Coast are considered. Alternatives include captaining and charter vessel operations. Using a 10 year mixed integer linear program, a switch from shrimp would not occur unless returns to shrimping declined by 50 percent. The result confirms the tendency for shrimp fishing assets to remain in the industry long after returns have begun to decline. The paper first describes a representative producer and the alternative uses of this shrimp producer's resources. Then, a linear programming model is developed and is then used to evaluate changes in the fishery.

• Crutchfield, Stephen R. (1986). "Personal Computer Simulations of Two New England Trawl Fisheries." Fisheries Research, 4:157-165.
  This paper outlines the basic components of two personal computer based bioeconomic simulators for New England otter trawlers and presents selective results illustrating their use for policy analysis. It has proved difficult to monitor the economic status of commercial fisheries because of technical, bureaucratic and cost considerations associated with survey procedures, and the difficulty of timely acquisition of biological and harvest data. The author has developed an alternative approach that combines information from various data bases, including periodic surveys, and integrates them in a budgeting or economic engineering approach. The result of these adaptations is a tool useful for extension education as well as for research policy evaluation.

• Crutchfield (1987) ; New England Model

• Crutchfield, Stephen R. and John M. Gates (198?). "The Impact of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction on the New England Otter Trawl Fleet." Draft Report, Department of Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
  Prior to the enactment of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976, it was widely anticipated that extension of fisheries jurisdiction to 200 miles by the United States would result in substantial economic benefit to the domestic fishing industry. This paper examines the economic consequences of extended jurisdiction on the New England otter trawl fleet. The traditional analyses of exploited fisheries show that in the absence of controls on entry into the domestic fishery exclusion of foreign fleets will only yield temporary economic surpluses as rents will eventually be dissipated by additional domestic fishing effort. Using a simulation program for this fishery, revenues and costs for representative vessels from four major New England ports from 1976 to 1982 are calculated, and net economic returns to owners, captains, and crew are estimated. For three of the four ports considered, the estimated real economic surplus for the typical vessel peaked in 1977-78 and declined dramatically through 1982. While this result is consistent with rent dissipation through overfishing, other factors indicate that this decline in economic surplus may be due to exogenous factors.

• Crutchfield, Stephen R. and John M. Gates (1985). "The Impact of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction on the New England Otter Trawl Fleet." Marine Resource Economics, 2(2):153-173.
  During the introduction of the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA) of 1976 it was widely anticipated that extension of fishery jurisdiction to 200 miles by the United States would result in substantial economic benefits to the domestic fishing industry. The traditional analyses of exploited fisheries show that in the absence of controls on entry into the domestic fishery, exclusion of foreign fleets will only yield temporary economic rents which will eventually be dissipated by additional domestic fishing effort. This paper examines post-MFCMA trends for the New England Otter Trawl fleet to determine the extent to which this hypothesis holds. By using a simulation program for this fishery, revenues and costs for representative vessels from four major New England ports from 1976 to 1982 were calculated and factor rents to owners, captains, and crew were estimated. For three of the four ports considered, the estimated real economic surplus for the typical vessel peaked in 1977-1978 and declined dramatically through 1982. While this finding indicates that some of the potential rents from the fishery may have been dissipated by a substantial increase in fleet size, other indicators show that this decline in economic surplus may have been due to exogenous factors and not rent dissipation as predicted by standard models.

• Crutchfield, Stephen R. (1987). "Development and Application of Financial Simulators for the Fishing Industry." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1:309-319.
  This paper outlines the basic components of the vessel simulator for otter trawlers and presents selective results illustrating its use for policy analysis. It has proven difficult to monitor economic status of commercial fisheries because of technical, bureaucratic, and cost considerations associated with survey procedures and the difficulty of timely acquisition of biological and harvest data. The author has developed an alternative approach that combines information from various data bases, including periodic surveys, and integrates them in a budgeting or 'economic engineering' approach. The result of these adaptations is a tool useful for extension education as well as for research policy evaluation. As an example the simulation program is used to evaluate the economic performance of the New England otter trawl fishing fleet during the period after the 200 mile limit was imposed. Other applications are suggested for financial advisors and investors.

• Davidse, W.P., K. Cormack, E. Oakeshott, H. Frost, C. Jensen, H.S. Rey, F. Foucault, and C. Tall (1993). "Costs and Earnings of Fishing Fleets in Four EC Countries." Onderzoekverslag 110, Department Fishery, Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI-DLO), P.O. Box 29703 2502 LS, The Hague, The Netherlands, June.
  This report contains a harmonized presentation and calculation of costs and earnings of fishing vessels in the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and the United Kingdom. This harmonization will facilitate the development of sectoral fleet models. Current costs and earnings investigations in the four countries show big differences in calculation of the bottom line figure. Uniformity in collecting and calculating costs and earnings is important in view of the construction off economic fleet models. This uniformity was one of the main aims of the study.

• Duffy, John, Jr. and David B. Johnson (1979). "Study of Costs and Earnings of Bay Shrimp Fishermen in Louisiana." Contract Number 03-7-042-35132, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
  This survey was conducted to develop 1977 economic data on the inshore shrimping industry located in the Louisiana parishes of St. Mary, Lafourche, and Terrebonne. Economic information was gathered on mean average landings of shrimp for various boat sizes, as well as mean family size and total family income due to shrimping. Data were also gathered on total variable costs, total fixed costs, and net revenue by vessel size. Other data gathered included information on marketing channels, and subjective appraisals of the problems confronted by recreational and commercial shrimpers. Although much data were obtained, and despite elaborate measures taken to obtain the cooperation of the interviewees, there was considerable reluctance on the part of the shrimpers to reveal catch, income, or even cost data.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with E.

• Funk, Robert D., Wade L. Griffin, James W. Mjelde, Teofilo Ozuna, Jr., and John M. Ward (1997). "A Method of Imputing and Simulating Costs and Returns in Fisheries." Manuscript submitted to the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management.
  A methodology is developed capable of generating cost and revenue trends over time within a fishery. The method is developed for the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery where NMFS landings data, as well as a series of costs and returns survey data are available. The method is designed to use information available in NMFS landings files to forecast cash costs on a per trip basis. Annual industry level cost estimates are then obtained by aggregating per trip costs. This method is easily transferable to other fisheries which have previous cost surveys to develop similar models to simulate cash costs.

• Gates, John M. and Stephen R. Crutchfield (1985). "Measuring the Performance of the Fishing Industry Using Financial Simulators." Draft report, Department of Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
  The New England industry has been the focus of much research related to fisheries management and the economic status of fishermen. It has proven difficult to monitor economic status because of technical, bureaucratic and cost considerations associated with survey procedures. The authors have developed an alternative approach that combines information various data bases, including periodic surveys, and integrates them in a budgeting or economic engineering approach. The development of these programs originated on mainframe computers but has since been adapted to personal computers. The result of these adaptations is a tool useful for extension education as well as for research policy evaluation. This paper outlines the basic components of the vessel simulator for otter trawlers and presents selective results illustrating its use for policy analysis. Other applications are suggested for financial advisors and investors.

• Gautam, Amy B. and Andrew W. Kitts (1996). "Data Description and Statistical Summary of the 1983-92 Cost-Earnings Data Base for Northeast U.S. Commercial Fishing Vessels." NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-112, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Region, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, December, 21 pp.
  Data from the National Marine Fisheries Service's Capital Construction Fund are summarized to provide a financial profile of Northeast U.S. commercial fishing vessels. Averages for various cost categories are presented by tonnage class, fishery, and effort level. Costs are also presented as percentages of total revenue. Data are then evaluated for how well they represent the Northeast fishing fleet. Potential uses and pitfalls of using these data for economic analyses are also discussed.

• Georgianna, Daniel L. and William V. Hogan (1986). "Production Costs in Atlantic Fresh Fish Processing." Marine Resource Economics, 2(3):275-292.
  Production costs for fresh Atlantic groundfish and scallop processing are examined using direct observation, linear regression analysis, and cost accounting. Assuming that management chooses a production technique where marginal costs are constant over a wide range of production due to management's expectation of predictable and unpredictable variation in product demand and exvessel supply, estimates of marginal cost for nonfish inputs from linear regression results and from cost accounting are compared. Also, regression results for physical yield from fish inputs are compared to estimates from the U.S. Department of Commerce. The similarity in results between these independent forms of estimation supports the maintained hypothesis of constant marginal cost over a wide range of production.

• Griffin, Wade L. (1977). "Time Trends in the Harvesting Sector of the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Industry." DIR 77-1, SP-2, The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, March, 32 pp.
  Time trends in pounds landed, days fished, fleet size, fishing effort index numbers, and value are presented and discussed.

• Griffin, Wade L. (1994). "Shrimp Fishing Cost and Returns in Texas." Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
  Trends in costs and returns for vessels greater than 60 feet operating off the Texas coast.

• Griffin, Wade L. and John P. Nichols (1976). "An Analysis of Increasing Costs to Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessel Owners: 1971-75." Marine Fisheries Review, 38(3):8-12.
  This report is intended to provide current information on the economics of owning and operating a shrimp vessel in the Gulf of Mexico. Lower shrimp prices coupled with rapidly escalating prices for fuel and other input items have brought about a cost-price squeeze that has put the vessel owners in a struggle for economic survival. Cost and returns estimates are based on 1971 and 1973 data collected from shrimp vessel owners. More specifically, this report includes: 1)Estimated break-even annual shrimp catches with various ex-vessel shrimp prices for 1971, 1973, 1974, and 1975; and 2) Evaluation of expected cost and returns in 1975.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "Installation Manual for Budget Simulation System." In "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual is designed to enable the user to install and test either the Aquaculture Budget Simulation System or the Vessel Budget Simulation System.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "User Manual for Data Management System." Volume 1 in "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual discusses the mechanics of operating the data management program (DMP) and provides detailed descriptions of the variables to be entered into the direct access (D-A) files.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "User Manual for Budget Simulation System." Volume 2 in "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual contains three sections: the general descriptions of the operations of the budget simulator program, a description of each agenda, including operations performed in the called subroutines, and the Appendix tables containing codes for variables, data description and data format information.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." TAMU-SG-83-203, Marine Information Service, Sea Grant College Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, January, 113 pp.
  The Vessel Budget Simulator System (VBSS) enables a user to select and equip a vessel to be operated in any fishing ground normally frequented by U.S. owned vessels. The physical flow of inputs into the production process aboard a vessel is simulated to produce the information required for financial reports. This system consists of two programs; a data management program (DMP) in COBOL that is used to create and update direct access (D-A) physical inventory files and a budget simulation program (BSP) in FORTRAN that performs all operational procedures. Part 1 of the manual describes the use of the DMP while Part 2 describes the use of the BSP.

• Griffin, Lacewell, and Hayenga (1974); CNR

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "Installation Manual for Budget Simulation System." In "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual is designed to enable the user to install and test either the Aquaculture Budget Simulation System or the Vessel Budget Simulation System.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "User Manual for Data Management System." Volume 1 in "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual discusses the mechanics of operating the data management program (DMP) and provides detailed descriptions of the variables to be entered into the direct access (D-A) files.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "User Manual for Budget Simulation System." Volume 2 in "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." Draft Version 1, Sea Grant No. 04-8-M01-133, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.
  This manual contains three sections: the general descriptions of the operations of the budget simulator program, a description of each agenda, including operations performed in the called subroutines, and the Appendix tables containing codes for variables, data description and data format information.

• Griffin, Wade L., Linda A. Jensen, and Charles M. Adams (1983). "A Generalized Budget Simulation Model for Fishing Vessels." TAMU-SG-83-203, Marine Information Service, Sea Grant College Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, January, 113 pp.
  The Vessel Budget Simulator System (VBSS) enables a user to select and equip a vessel to be operated in any fishing ground normally frequented by U.S. owned vessels. The physical flow of inputs into the production process aboard a vessel is simulated to produce the information required for financial reports. This system consists of two programs; a data management program (DMP) in COBOL that is used to create and update direct access (D-A) physical inventory files and a budget simulation program (BSP) in FORTRAN that performs all operational procedures. Part 1 of the manual describes the use of the DMP while Part 2 describes the use of the BSP.

• Griffin, Wade L., Ronald D. Lacewell, and John P. Nichols (1976). "Optimum Effort and Rent Distribution in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery." American Journal of Agricultural Economics Nov:644-652.
  Traditional methods used to estimate fishing effort that maximize rent to an open access resource have almost universally assumed all costs are directly proportional to effort. When crews receive a fixed share of gross returns, labor costs are proportional to catch. Hence, rent accrues to crews as well as vessel owners under limited entry. A model that allows costs to be proportional to effort and catch is applied to the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. This study indicates that traditional analysis would result in management schemes that overtax vessels and ignore rent accruing to crews.

• Griffin, Wade L., J. Nichols, and Joe Bob Smith (1975). "Economic Analysis of Returns to Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessel Owners for the Period 1971-1975." Dir 75-1, SP-4, The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, July.
  This report provides current information on the economics of owning and operating a shrimp vessel in the Gulf of Mexico for the period 1971-1975. The break-even annual shrimp catches with various ex-vessel shrimp prices for 1971, 1973, 1974, and 1975 are estimated and the expected cost and returns in 1975 are evaluated.

• Griffin, Wade L., Newton J. Wardlaw, and John P. Nichols (1976). "Economic and Financial Analysis of Increasing Costs in the Gulf Shrimp Fleet." Fishery Bulletin, 74(2):301-309.
  The 115 Gulf of Mexico shrimp vessels used in this study were grouped into classes I (larger vessels) through V (smaller vessels) based on their type of construction, length of keel, and index of effort. In 1973, class II vessels were the only vessels able to register a positive return to owner's labor and management, $560; the other four classes registered negative returns. The payback period occurred during the eighth year due to the sale of the vessels in classes II, III, and V, whereas payback did not occur for classes I and IV. A positive rate of return on investment was experienced by the vessels in classes II, III, and V in the amount of 13.21, 2.65, and 2.63%, respectively. The internal rate of return on investment was negative for vessels in classes I and IV.

  Input prices increased some 20% from 1973 to 1974 whereas production remained approximately constant and ex-vessel shrimp prices were lower. Thus, none of the classes of vessels would have experienced a break-even cash flow for 1974. Increasing input cost another 10% above the 1974 level, and assuming normal production, the average vessel in class II seems to be operating at a better than a break-even level in 1975 assuming ex-vessel shrimp prices remain constant at 1973 levels. Classes I, III, IV, and V experienced less than break-even cash flows under the same conditions in 1975.

• Griffin, Wade L., Newton J. Wardlaw, and John P. Nichols (1976). "Cost and Return Analysis By Selected Vessel Characteristics: Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery, 1971-1975." MP-1253C, The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
  This report is intended to provide current information concerning the economics of owning and operating a shrimp vessel for use by owners, managers, financial institutions and public policy makers.

• Griffin, Wade L., Jim Cato, John Gates, and Fred Prochaska (1981). "Socioeconomic Budget Simulator." Final report, Contract No. NA80-GA-C-00011, NMFS, SEFC, Miami, Florida, pp. 269.
  This project develops an enterprise budget simulator for commercial fishing vessels using collected cost and earning information on the Gulf shrimp, Florida paying passenger and New England fishing fleets, and compares the predicted results to actual data.

• Griffin, Wade L., John P. Nichols, Robert G. Anderson, James E. Buckner, and Charles M. Adams (1978). "Costs and Returns Data: Texas Shrimp Trawlers Gulf of Mexico 1974-1975." TAMU-SG-79-601, Texas A&M University, Sea Grant College Program, September, 97.
  This report summarizes estimates of costs and returns for vessels of different characteristics that anchor in Texas and shrimp trawl in the Gulf of Mexico. Data for 1974 and 1975 were obtained from vessel owners. Results are presented in self explanatory tables. No attempt is made to draw inferences or discuss implications of trends or relationships that may be apparent in the data.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with I.

• Jones, T.M., J.W. Hubbard, and K.J. Roberts (1979). "Productivity and Profitability of South Carolina Shrimp Vessels, 1971-75." Marine Fisheries Review, 41:8-14.
  This study uses data from a 45 vessel sample of South Carolina's double rig resident shrimp trawlers to analyze resource productivity and profitability in the fishery from 1971 to 1975. Smaller vessels (<55 feet) were more profitable, and averaged 14 years older than the larger (>55 feet) vessels and had lower operating costs. Placing vessels of both size classes on the same risk and financing cost basis would result in slightly higher percentage returns, i.e. lower losses, to investment in the larger trawlers than to investment in the smaller trawlers. The opportunity cost analysis indicated that shrimping labor is earning less than its opportunity income, as is new capital investment, but that management (the vessel captains) is earning above what it would in its best alternative. The larger vessels typically possessed about 1.4 times the fishing power of the typical smaller vessels; engine horsepower was the most significant predictor of fishing power. However, multiplication of the vessel fishing power index by the transformed fuel consumption variable showed that the average larger vessel exerted only 15 percent more effort in the fishery than did the typical smaller vessel.

• Lacewell, Ronald D., Wade L. Griffin, James E. Smith, Wayne A. Hayenga (1974). "Estimated Costs and Returns for Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels: 1971." Departmental Technical Report No. 74-1, The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, January, 36 pp.
  This study is an analysis of expected vessel costs, returns, and economic implications of alternative shrimp price situations. Costs and return estimates were based on 1971 data taken from 29 vessels separated into two classifications: (1) 53 to 65 foot and (2) 66 to 72 foot. Annual landings of shrimp were 41,551 and 56,933 heads-off pounds for small and large vessels, respectively. Total annual variable cost was $30,031 for small vessels and $51,632 for large vessels. Based on an expected 20 year life and 1971 vessel costs, annual fixed cost was $8,144 and $10,421 for small and large vessels, respectively. Gross revenue was $46,800 for smaller vessels based on a price of $1.13 per pound and $69,869 for large vessels based on a price of $1.23 per pound. The resulting net per vessel was $8,625 and $7,816 for small and large vessels, respectively. The investment analysis indicated that the internal rate of return for a small vessel was 24 percent without external financing and 50 percent with normal financing arrangements of an 80 percent loan at 8 percent interest for 6 years. This compares to an internal rate of return for large vessels of 7 percent without financing and 32 percent with the financing arrangement described above.

• Lambregts, J.A.D., W.L. Griffin, R.D. Lacewell, J.T. Davis, and G.M. Clary (1993). "Estimated Costs and Returns for Catfish Farms With Recirculating Ponds Along the Upper Texas Coast." Journal of Agriculture and Applied Economics, 25(2):1-12.
  Costs, returns, and economies of scale for small, medium, and large catfish farms with recirculating ponds are presented for the upper Texas coast. Internal rates of return are 0.150, 0.183, 0.219, respectively. Total investment is higher than farms with static ponds but investment per unit production capacity is 7 percent to 16 percent lower. Average total cost per pound is between $0.565 and $0.541 (11 percent - 20 percent lower than farms using current technology). These results have implications for regional comparative advantage of catfish production as well as incentive for adoption of new technology in conventional ponds.

• McHugh, Richard (1993). "Creation of a Real-Time and Historical Shark Fishery Data Series." Center For Economic and Management Research, College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, BSN 3403, Tampa, Florida, November, 33 pp.
  This report summarizes a vessel level data base which can be used to better understand the economic operations of those working in the shark fisheries, as well as the implications of shark management plans. This data is drawn from the vessel trip tickets . Among the information included on these tickets are catch by species, cost by category (ice, fuel, etc.), price received, and vessel characteristics. Summarized is the historical data base, but an ongoing data collection effort is underway to continuously update the data base.

• Montegut, R.S. (1979). "Planning To Buy a Shrimp Boat." Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service Sea Grant Publication LSU-TL-79-005, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La, 11 pp.
  The shrimp industry in the Gulf of Mexico is dominated by owner operated shrimp boats. These businessmen are interested in a lifestyle as well as earning a profit. The lifestyle is one not faced by the investor choosing not to operate his shrimp boat. Absentee owners generally experience higher repair and maintenance costs, higher insurance costs and lower shrimp catches. Understanding the situation faced by an absentee owner compared to the experienced owner operator will be helpful in making your investment decisions. Also, there are already a large number of shrimpers competing with expensive boats for a fully utilized supply of shrimp. Thus, the skills and number of your competitors in shrimping must be considered before you invest in the business.

• Murray, Thomas J. (1996). "Creation of a Real-Time and Historical Shark Fishery Data Series." Grant Number NA27FD0069-01, Center for Economic and Management research, University of South Florida.
  This project has three goals. The first is to create a vessel level data base that can be used to understand the economic operations of the shark fishery and the implications of shark management plans. Second, the project establishes a protocol for the continuous updating of the database. Third, a spreadsheet was developed that permits the establishment of a baseline assessment of costs and returns to shark fishermen.

• Muse, Ben and Kurt Schelle (1985). "A Fiscal Model for the Southeast Alaska Salmon Drift Gill Net Fishery in 1981." CFEC Report Number 83-3, Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission, Pouch KB, Juneau, Alaska 99811, January, pp. 82.
  This paper illustrates a methodology for using mail survey data, vessel licensing information, and catch records to derive a model to estimate operating costs and net returns measures in a fishery. Operating costs, net operating income, and returns to labor and management are estimated for the Southeastern Alaska salmon drift gill net fishery.

• Muse, Ben and Kurt Schelle (1985). "Net Return Estimates for the Southeast Alaska Salmon Drift Gill Net Fishery, 1980-1982." CFEC Report Number 84-9, commercial Fisheries Entry Commission, Pouch KB, Juneau, Alaska 99811, April, pp. 17.
  This report summarizes the results of CFEC research into the net returns of Southeast Alaska salmon drift gill net fishermen in 1980, 1981, and 1982. A brief description of the CFEC financial model for this fishery is provided as well as various outputs of that model. Results summarized include estimates of average fleet operating costs for each year and estimates of average net operating income and average returns to labor for the fleet and for various parts of it.

• Muse, Ben and Kurt Schelle (1986). "A Fiscal Model for the Cook Inlet Salmon Drift Gill Net Fishery in 1982." Document Number CFEC 85-4, Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission, Pouch KB, Juneau, Alaska 99811.
  This report describes a model designed to produce estimates of Cook Inlet salmon drift gillnetters' net operating incomes and returns to labor and management. In 1982, a good year in this fishery, mean returns to labor and management for owner operators, assuming a 10% opportunity cost of capital, were about $8,801.

• Nero and Associates, Inc. (1981). "Cost and Return Survey of Reef Fisheries, Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Coasts." Final report, Contract No. NA-80-6A-C-0051, NMFS, SEFC, Miami, FL.
  This report presents the results of an economic survey of commercial reef fishing in the South Atlantic and gulf of Mexico regions of the U.S. This contract called for the collection of data with analysis left to the SEFC, NMFS. This report summarizes the survey design and methodology, presents a discussion of the survey data and analytical procedures, and concludes with some observations and recommendations for future consideration.

• Nichols, John P., Mary Gerlow, and A. Nelson Swartz (1980). "The Economics of Combination Swordfish Longlining and Shrimp Trawling in the Gulf of Mexico: Investment Requirements and Estimated Costs and Returns." DIR 80-1, SP-9, Staff Paper Series, Departmental Information Report, The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, December, 33 pp.
  This report provides estimates of the economic aspects of swordfish longlining particularly as it relates to investment requirements and operating costs. These estimates are developed from interviews with vessel owners and captains who were active in the fishery during the 1979-80 season. Recent pressure on the shrimp trawling industry of Texas have caused shrimpers to consider alternative fishing opportunities. Among these, swordfish longlining was of particular interest in early 1980. The degree of fishing pressure that swordfish stocks can withstand is not known. Caution has been advised regarding rapid expansion of swordfish longlining even though the short run benefits to shrimpers may be favorable.

• Noetzel, Bruno G. (1977). "Revenues, Costs, and Returns from Vessel Operation in Major U.S. Fisheries." PB 265 275, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C., February, 23 pp.
  The proceeds from operation of fishing vessels in selected U.S. fisheries in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico are evaluate. The report covers the groundfish fisheries of New England and the entire Pacific coast (including halibut fishing), the Pacific salmon fisheries, the tuna fisheries (albacore and tropical tuna), the shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico, and the crab fisheries in the Northeast Pacific and Bering Sea. These fisheries accounted for 65% by quantity and 68% by value of total U.S. food fish landings in 1974. A total of 297 vessel years of operation were analyzed. The purpose of the analysis is to provide an insight into the earning capabilities of vessels operated in various U.S. fisheries during a period of time characterized by abruptly mounting prices of fuel and products made of oil derivatives, with a resulting general deterioration of the economic performance in fisheries in the United states and elsewhere.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with O.

• Penson, John B., Jr., Ernest O. Tettey, and Wade L. Griffin (1987). "An Econometric Analysis of Net Investment in Gulf Shrimp Fishing Vessels." Technical Article No. TA-20803 of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System.
  This study evaluated aggregate investment behavior by fishermen for steel, wooden, and fiberglass fishing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery and examined the implications of changes in the cost of acquiring debt and equity capital on the industry's investment response. Macroeconomic policies that lead to high real interest rates depress real net investment in this fishery. While low real interest rates are desirable for stimulating investment activities in the general economy, they add to the overcapitalization problem that currently exists in the Gulf shrimp fishing industry. The theoretical model of aggregate investment behavior is justified statistically in this study.

• Penson, John B., Jr., Ernest O. Tettey, and Wade L. Griffin (1988). "An Econometric Analysis of Net Investment in Gulf Shrimp Fishing Vessels." Fisheries Bulletin, 86(1)151-156.
  The purpose of this study is to estimate an econometric model of annual real net investment in fishing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico and to determine the sensitivity of investment decisions in the industry to fluctuations in the cost of equity and debt capital. This study begins by examining the individual factors that affect the expansion of the stock of steel, wood, and fiberglass vessels in the Gulf fleet. The effects of alternative macroeconomic policies on investment expenditure trends in the Gulf shrimp fishery are then studied. The final section of the paper presents some concluding remarks.

• Poffenberger, John R. (1982). "An Analysis of Fishery Economic Data Relating to Commercial Mackerel Fisheries." NMFS-SEFC-101, NOAA Technical Memorandum, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, March, 35 pp.
  Production functions and cost functions are integrated into a model of the coastal migratory pelagics fishery. However, the lack of adequate data and the need for biological parameters severely restricts the development of the model.

• Poffenberger, John R. (1982). "Economic Status of the Offshore Shrimp Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico." NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFC-99, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida, March, 18 pp.
  The purpose of this report is to present some basic indicators of the offshore shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico on prices, production, and vessel costs and revenue that may provide some insight into the economic status of the fleet during 1991. A secondary purpose of the report is to present a general prognosis for the economic viability of the fishery during 1982.

• Prochaska, Fred J. and James C. Cato (1975). "Cost and Returns for Northern Gulf of Mexico Commercial Red Snapper - Grouper Vessels by Vessel Size, 1974." SUSF-SG-75-006, Marine Advisory Bulletin, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Florida Sea Grant Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, December, 8 pp.
  Cost and returns data provide a basis to which individual fishing firms can compare their own operations to determine any needed change in their business management or fishing practices. This data set is collected from interviews with boat owners and captains representing ten commercial vessels operating from Florida ports. The budget analysis reported is the average for two vessel size groups: 42-47 feet in length (small) and 57-69 feet in length (large).

• Prochaska, Fred J. and James C. Cato (1975). "Northwest Florida Gulf Coast Red Snapper - Grouper Party Boat Operations, An Economic Analysis, 1974." SUSF-SG-75-007, Marine Advisory Bulletin, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Florida Sea Grant Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, December, 9 pp.
  The purposes of this Bulletin are to present estimates of (1) the average number of fishermen per boat on a yearly basis, (2) expenditures by fishermen (or revenues to boat owners), and (3) costs of operating party boats. The analysis is based on data collected through personal interviews with the owners of seven boats. Boats included in the survey ranged from 65 to 85 feet and have a carrying capacity ranging up to over 50 fishermen per boat. These boats are also often referred to as "Day Boats," Head Boats," or "Drift Boats." the data do not include smaller charter boats which usually carry 6 to 10 fishermen and are chartered by individuals or on a small group basis. The boats included in the study have their home ports along the north Florida Gulf Coast.

• Prochaska, Fred J. and Walter R. Keithly, Jr. (1986). "Production Costs and Revenues in the Florida Oyster Industry." Sea Grant Project No. R/LR-E-8, Grant Number NA80AA-D-00038, Report Number 87, Florida Sea Grant College, Sea Grant Extension Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, July, 16 pp.
  The purpose of this study was to collect information concerning the production practices and associated costs and revenues of the oystermen in Franklin County for the year starting September, 1982 and ending in August, 1983. A total of twenty-five questionnaires were completed through personal interviews.

• Prochaska, Fred J. and Paul D. Landrum (1981). "Spiny Lobster, Stone Crab and Secondary Fishery Costs and Revenues in the Florida Keys, 1978-79 Season." Florida Sea Grant College, Report Number 42, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, May, 35 pp.
  The objective of study was to analyze production, costs and revenues for the multiple species fisheries in which spiny lobster fishermen in the Florida Keys participate. Results of the analyses provide (1) individual fishermen a base with which they can compare their own lobster operations to determine if any changes in their fishing practices were warranted, (2) analysis of the profitability of fishery alternatives to lobster fishing, (3) an economic base on which alternative fishery management programs can be analyzed, and (4) economic information to support industries such as credit institutions, boat builders, etc.

• Prochaska, Fred J. and Joel S. Williams (1976). "Economic Analysis of Cost and Returns in the Spiny Lobster Fishery by Boat and Vessel Size." Florida Sea Grant Publication, SUSF-SG-76-004, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl, July, 18 pp.
  An economic survey of 25 Florida Keys lobster boat and vessel captains was conducted during the fall of 1974 to obtain cost, production, and returns data for the 1973-74 season. This study provides (1) individual fishing firms a base with which they can compare their own operations to determine if any change in their fishing practices is warranted, (2) economic information on sales and purchases that may be used as an indication of the economic contribution made by the lobster fishery to the area economy, and (3) and economic basis for determining the economic consequences of alternative management programs that might be considered by the industry and regulatory agencies. To accomplish these objectives, production practices and costs and returns are analyzed on an industry average basis and by four boat and vessel size classes. This bulletin reports on information pertaining to the first objective of the overall study.

• Prochaska, Fred J., R. Allen Morris, and James C. Cato (1977). "An Economic Analysis of King Mackerel Production by Hook-and-Line on the Florida Atlantic Coast." Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  The objectives of this bulletin are to (1) provide individual fishing firms basic economic information with which they can compare their own operations and (2) provide economic information to support industries such as credit institutions for the king mackerel fishery. To accomplish these objectives, production practices and cost and returns were analyzed on an industry average basis. Ranges in individual estimates are presented in addition to the industry averages. Individual fishermen can compare their operations to the average and range for specific cost and returns items to determine where changes in their own practices may be profitable.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with Q.

• Radtke, Hans D. (2000). "Description of the West Coast Commercial Fishing Fleet and Seafood Processors." prepared for Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission prepared by Hans D. Radtke and Shannon W. Davis The Research Group P.O. Box 813 Corvallis, OR 97339
  The fishing fleet making landings at ports in the states of Washington, Oregon, and California has changed dramatically in recent years due to changes in fish resource levels, fishery management plan amendments, and market forces. Vessels have had to switch to other than their primary fisheries, and many times several different fisheries, to sustain revenue levels. Many vessel owners have simply elected to quit commercial fishing. This project is to describe the trends and characteristics of the U.S. West Coast fishing fleet and processors to show how numbers, revenues, and participation in fisheries has changed. A special analysis was completed to find descriptive vessel and processor categories. The classification scheme used 1997 landing data to determine the vessel and processor categories.

• Raizin, Myles (1989). "Available Data from the 1986 King Mackerel Economic Costs and Returns Survey." NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-228, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, June, 11 pp.
  Cost and revenue data for vessels operating in the 1986 king mackerel fishery was assembled in response to a request from the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. The data set is described and summarized profiles are presented.

• Resource Economics Consultants (1994). "Estimation of Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishing Costs and Returns." Final report prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, 9450 Koger Boulevard, St. Petersburg, FL by Resource Economics Consultants, 108 Mile Drive, College Station, TX, May.
  The overall objective of the project was to estimate Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishing craft costs and returns for use in assessing the impacts of fishery management regulations.

• Rhodes, Raymond J., Wayne Waltz, and Robert Wiggers (1996). "Economic Assessment of Commercial Reef Fishermen in the South Atlantic Region." Office of Fisheries Management, Division of Marine Resources, S.C. Department of Natural Resources, Post Office Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29422-2559, January, 49 pp.
  The goal of this project was to collect primary economic data on federally permitted commercial reef (snapper-grouper) fishermen in the south Atlantic region. The lack of economic data has been a significant problem in the evaluation of current and proposed fishery management plans developed by the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council. Researchers surveyed federal snapper-grouper permit holders with home ports in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and the east coast of Florida. Data collected through personal interviews during 1994 included vessel characteristics, annual fixed expenses, typical trip revenues and expenses, and incremental costs associated with switching to and from commercial reef fishing. Economic data collected in this survey will be useful in developing economic models to simulate incremental private sector benefits, costs, and distributional effects on commercial snapper-grouper fishermen associated with proposed regulatory actions in this Region by the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council and other regulatory agencies.

• Richardson, Edward J. (1994). "Wreckfish Economic and Resource Information Collection with Analysis for Management." E.J. Richardson Associates, Economic and Market Research for the Fishing, Aquaculture, and Natural Resource Industries, P.O. Box 236, Sandown, New Hampshire, March, 84 pp.
  A study was made of the economics of wreckfish harvesting during the transition to a transferable harvesting rights based (ITQ) fishery management program. The goal of the study was to establish a data baseline that could serve as a foundation for subsequent monitoring and assessment efforts. Vessel costs and returns data was assembled for thirty seven vessels, seventeen of which provided 99.9 percent of wreckfish landings during the initial year of rights based management. The data collection allowed for the measurement of the economic values generated by the harvesting sector during the transition to ITQ management, and an evaluation of the initial functioning of the markets for harvesting rights.

• Roberts, Kenneth J. and M. E. Sass (1979). "Financial Aspects of Louisiana Shrimp Vessels, 1978." Sea Grant Publication No. LSU-TL-79-007, Center for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, December, 9 pp.
  The excellent shrimp harvests of 1977 and 1978 have brought increased interest in shrimp vessels as investment opportunities. Adding to investor interest in 1978 were the favorable price and record dockside value of shrimp (the previous record value was exceeded by 16 percent). Shrimpers and other investors will respond to the record earnings by constructing new vessels. Financial incentives such as the Capital Construction Fund (CCF) and the sheltering of capital gains from vessel appreciation also attract investment. The CCF and capital gains incentives are long term, but the shrimp harvests vary from year to year. The result is that investment in the form of vessels drawn into the fishery due to tax incentives will negatively impact earnings per vessel when catches and prices return to normal. This may result in stress on the credit system and shrimp management alternatives, as well as bring about public assistance to help an ailing industry. Based on a survey of 129 operators, shrimp vessels harvested the same quantity of shrimp in 1978 as they did in the record year of 1977 with 1978 prices higher than 1977, resulting in an above average financial condition for shrimp vessels. The financial condition of shrimp vessels in 1978 may be hard to improve on as shrimp catches retreat from record levels, more vessels begin shrimping, and costs continue to increase.

• Sage Associates, Inc. (1981). Economic Assessment of the U.S. Shrimp Industry with Associated Public Policy Recommendations. Washington, D.C.
  This report contests the overcapitalization argument for the Gulf of Mexico and south Atlantic shrimp fishing fleet. It argues that a tariff and quota on shrimp imports would be economically efficient and have little impact on retail shrimp prices.

• Schaefer, H. Charles, Lyman E. Barger, and Herman E. Kumpf (1989). "The Driftnet Fishery in the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno Area off Southeast Florida." Marine Fisheries Review, 51(1):44-49.
  From May through September 1987, observations were made on 38 trips in the driftnet fishery off the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno area off southeast Florida. Of the number and weight of fish landed on observed trips, 91.6 percent consisted of king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, the targeted species. Over 33 species of fish were observed among the discarded bycatch. The most frequently occurring species in the discards was little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, that made up 67 percent by number of the discarded bycatch. Total landings for all commercial gear from Saint Lucie and Martin counties (the counties of the study area) increased 516,741 pounds from 1986 to 1987. In 1986, 55 percent of the catch was from handline and 45 percent from driftnet landings. In 1987, 78 percent was from driftnet and 22 percent from handline landings. A comparison of lengths from recreational and commercial landings showed recreationally caught fish to be, on the average, smaller. No marine mammals, birds, or turtles were entangled in the net on observed trips. Data on cost of nets, fuel, and supplies plus the distribution of earnings among the crew were obtained for five driftnet boats.

• Squires, Dale, Steven Freese, James Herkelrath, and Samuel F. Herrick, Jr. (1997). "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Pacific Whiting Allocation." Administrative Report LJ-97-05, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, P.O. Box 271, La Jolla, California, April.
  Cost-benefit analysis evaluated three alternatives to measure the net economic benefits to the nation of allocating Pacific whiting among three user groups. These groups were the offshore catcher-processors, catcher vessels delivering to motherships, and to catcher vessels delivering to onshore producers of surimi, headed and gutted, and fillets. Net economic benefits were measured as the present value of producer surplus and were evaluated over a twenty year time horizon starting in 1997. For the first time in fishery economics, an attempt was made to include fixed costs. However, data on fixed costs proved inadequate for a detailed analysis, and the analysis confined itself to net benefits measured using total revenues and variable (operating) economic costs.

• Swartz, A. Nelson and Charles M. Adams (1979). "The Economics of Rockport Bay Texas Shrimping Vessels." Report, DIR 79-1, SP-6 Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, August, 10 pp.
  A cost and returns survey of Rockport, Texas shrimp fishermen that takes into account seasonal variation in abundance. The fall season is much more valuable to the shrimp fisherman than the spring season. However, a bay vessel operator could not economically survive in the long run without the spring season.

• Taylor, Keri H., Fred J. Prochaska, and James C. Cato (1982). "Economic Returns in Operating Florida Atlantic Coast Charter and Party Boats, 1980-81." Sea Grant Project No. R/L-1, Grant No. NA80AA-D-00038, Marine Advisory Bulletin MAP-28, Florida Sea Grant College Program, August, 15 pp.
  This bulletin attempts to provide individual charter boat and party boat owners/captains with basic economic information with which they can compare their own operations and compare the economic characteristics of the charter boat industry on the north and south Florida Atlantic coasts. This has been accomplished by providing a description of the general characteristics of charter boats and party boats in the fleet, an analysis of fishing activity and costs and returns, and a comparison of the differences in charter boat operations between north and south Florida.

• Terry, Joseph M., Gilbert Sylvia, Dale Squires, Wes Silverthorne, James Seger, Gordon Munro, Richard Marasco, Douglas Larson, James Kirkley, Larry Jacobson, Samuel Herrick, John Gauvin, Amy Buss Gautam, Steven Freese, and Rebecca Baldwin (1996). "Fixed Costs and Joint Cost Allocation in the Management of Pacific Whiting - A Workshop Report -." NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-234, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, September, 29 pp.
  The workshop's purpose was to decide how to treat fixed costs and how to allocate fixed and variable costs in benefit-cost analyses of options for allocating the harvest of Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) in the Pacific coast groundfish fishery.

• Tettey, E.O. (1983). "The Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery: An Econometric Analysis of Real Net Investment in Fishing Vessels." Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 140 pp.
  The real net investment in fishing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery is analyzed employing an econometric model. The model is simulated over a 17 year period to examine the short and intermediate run impacts of changes in such policy variables as the real rate of interest, cost of equity capital, investment tax credit and income tax on investment behavior in fishing vessels. A forecast over a 5 year period (1978 - 1982) for real net investment in fishing vessels is also developed.

  Investment tax credit stimulates investment expenditure in the Gulf shrimp fishery. However, income tax exerts the greatest influence on investment decisions in the fishing industry. While both steel and wooden vessels are expected to show continuous growth from 1978 to 1982, the stock of steel vessels should grow about three times as fast as wooden ones over this period.

• Tettey, E.O., and W.L. Griffin (1984). "Investment in Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels, 1965-77." Marine Fisheries Review, 46(2):49-52.
  This study examines implications of investment patterns in the Gulf shrimp fishery. Historical trends in capital stock of different vessel types are estimated for 1965-77 for use with landings and sales data. Specifically, annual trends in total and per vessel shrimp landings and sales are examined. Shrimp landings and sales per dollar of investment in fishing vessels are evaluated. Apparently, the perceived value of landings per vessel increased on average at a faster rate than production costs per vessel causing excess profit to exist. This created an incentive for investments, although there may be other reasons for stimulating investment. This expansion was interrupted only by poor economic conditions, such as in 1970 and 1973-75. Although data were not available to estimate real capital stock beyond 1977, other information suggests that substantial declines (large negative real investment) occurred in 1979-80.

• Tettey, E.O., W.L. Griffin, and J.B. Penson (19??). "Real Net Investment in Gulf Shrimp Fishing Vessels." Technical Article No. TA-20803, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 18 pp.
  An econometric model of annual real net investment in fishing vessels in the Gulf is developed to determine how the cost of equity and debt capital as well as other factors affect investment decisions in this industry. The cost of capital plays an important role in influencing investment decisions in the Gulf shrimp fishing industry. High real interest rates were found to depress real net investment in this fishery. Investment responses to changes in macroeconomic policy are greatest for steel vessels because steel vessels contribute the most to the productivity of the Gulf shrimp fishery. Finally, while low real interest rates are desirable for stimulating investment activities in the general economy, they would add to the overcapitalization problem that currently exists in the Gulf shrimp fishing industry. This suggests that expansionary policies designed to boost the growth of the general economy may actually lead to undesirable results for the Gulf shrimp fishing industry.

• Tettey, Ernest, Christopher Pardy, and Wade Griffin (1982). "Economic Analysis of Investment Alternatives for the Gulf of Mexico Shrimping Vessels." Draft Report, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas 77843.
  The effects of inflation on the returns to investment and profitability in the shrimp industry is observed by analyzing investments in 1971, 1977, and 1979. Steel vessels generally did better in terms of financial performance than wooden ones and medium sized vessels were the most efficient vessels to operate in the Gulf of Mexico. This draft report also includes summarized raw data as a handwritten appendix.

• Tettey, E.O., W.L. Griffin, J.B. Penson, and J.R. Stoll (1986). "Implications of Tax Policy on Investment in a Common Property Resource." North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 6:100-104.
  This study employs a financial model to examine the aggregate investment expenditures for Gulf of Mexico shrimp vessels. Specifically, the impacts of tax policies - investment tax credits and income taxes - on investment decisions in the Gulf shrimp fishery are evaluated. Contractionary tax policy is an effective tool in limiting entry to the shrimp fishery and, thereby, controlling the problem of overcapitalization. Decreases in the investment tax credit rate, increases in the income tax rate, or a combination of both policies will curtail investment activities in the fishing industry. Implementation of such tax schemes should raise total revenues of vessel owners, in the long run, from what they otherwise would have been.

• Tettey, Ernest, Christopher Pardy, Wade Griffin, and A. Nelson Swartz (1984). "Implications of Investing Under Different Economic Conditions on the Profitability of Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels Operating Out of Texas." Fishery Bulletin, 82(2):365-373.
  Due to the inflationary trend in recent years coupled with fluctuating shrimp prices, the shrimp business has become a highly uncertain undertaking. The financial performance of a sample of the Gulf of Mexico shrimping fleet, operating out of the Texas coast, was examined over a 10 year period (1971-80). the results indicate that investments made in the early part of the 1970's performed better than those made in the latter part. Periods of low inflationary levels appeared to be more favorable to investments in the shrimp fishery than periods of high inflationary levels. In terms of economic profits, steel vessels generally did better than wooden ones. Medium sized vessels (18.6 - 20.0 m in overall length) were the most efficient vessels to operate in the Gulf of Mexico.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with U.

• Veal, C. David and John R. Kelly (1983). "Fuel Conservation in the Gulf and South Atlantic Shrimp Fishing Fleet." Report VIII in Assessment of Shrimp Industry Potentials and Conflicts, Shrimp Notes Incorporated, 417 Eliza Street, New Orleans, Louisiana, August, 62 pp.
  The problems associated with improving fuel efficiency in the Gulf and south Atlantic shrimp fishing fleet are complex. While the technology exists, the data necessary to do an adequate job of designing fuel efficient technologies for each vessel do not exist since they were not constructed in shipyards using marine engineers or naval architects. The authors propose the formation of a number of task forces and delivery mechanism that should provide adequate information to allow each individual vessel owner to make appropriate decision on fuel saving technologies that affect him.

• Veal, David, Ron Lukens, and Dave Burrange (1984). "Structure, Strategy and Fuel Consumption in the Mississippi Alabama Shrimp Fleet." Final report, NMFS Award No. NA82-GA-H-00007, GASAFDFI Project No. 21-04-15000, January, 27 pp.
  This study develops a base of information on present fuel use patterns and gear characteristics in the Mississippi and Alabama shrimp fleets as examples of operations that demand high mobility and are fuel intensive. The information can be used in planning fuel use patterns that may be more efficient and in the evaluation of potential needs for research and fuel conservation technology.

• Vondruska, John (1998). "Some Discussion of the Methods and Potential Use of Federal Fishing Permits Data in Descriptive Fishery Analysis, with Emphasis on Commercial Fishing for Mackerels." SERO-ECON-98-11, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Fisheries Economics Office, December, 48 pp.
  Permit data, while imperfect, is the only means to describe boats in the commercial mackerel and some other managed fisheries. Among the 6,177 boats with federal fishing permits in 1996, net income could be computed for 3,045 boats. Using medians, the average boat was 31 feet, 240 horsepower, grossed $19,000 from fishing, incurred $13,000 in fishing expense, and had about $4,000 in net income from fishing. In 1996, 3,432 boats had permits for commercial fishing for mackerel. For the most part, they engaged in more than one fishing activity, three or four on average, according to cross-tabulations of boats by permit, fish sold, or gear used. Using data on fish sold and gear used as a qualitative indicator of participation in commercial fishing for king mackerel, Spanish mackerel, or both, an estimate of 40 to 2900 boats is obtains, compared with 3,432 boats that had permits.

• Wahyuhadi, Joe (198?). "Factors Influencing Used Fishing Vessel's Prices." REN 591 Special Project, Department of Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
  This paper determined that vessel age, hull type, and length affect the minimum price set by the owner using regression analysis of data collected from boats-for-sale advertisements.

• Wang, Stanley (1988). "Chart and Statistical Book of the U.S. Northeast Fisheries." National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Regional Office, Services Division, Analytical Services Branch, Gloucester, MA, February, 52 pp.
  Trends in investment, landings, biological abundance, productivity, and costs and earnings are emphasized for northeastern region fisheries of the U.S.

• Ward, John M. (1984). "A Synthesis of Cost and Revenue Surveys for Vessels Operating in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery." Draft Report, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Miami Laboratory, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, May, 22 pp.
  Hedonic cost and revenue functions are estimated for the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery using data published in annual surveys of the fleet from 1971 to 1980. Comparable costs, revenues, and profits are estimated for three vessel size classes for the Texas, Louisiana, and Florida inshore and offshore fleets. The cost and revenue estimates indicate that fishing firms have generally been profitable over the time period of the analysis, exclusive of opportunity costs.

• Ward, John M. (1988). "A Synthesis of Cost and Revenue Surveys for Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels." Marine Fisheries Review, 50(1):47-52.
  Since detailed cost data are not routinely collected and the published survey data from various sources are not easily compared, trends in costs and revenues for the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishing fleet cannot be readily determined. A consistent data set for comparing vessel operating costs and revenues between states, vessel sizes, and years was estimated using weighted least squares regression analysis. Differences in the sample variance between the published cost and revenue data caused by time, type of survey, region surveyed, vessel size, sample size, or area of operation are accounted for in the econometric model. The coefficient of determination adjusted for the degrees of freedom and the F statistic indicate that the model specification provides a good statistical fit to the survey data.

• Ward, John M. (1995). "Cost and Revenues in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery." Draft report, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Economics and Trade Analysis Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, North, St. Petersburg, FL
  While cost and revenue data is not routinely collected in the southeastern region of the United States, many specialized data collection efforts have been funded by Sea Grant, Salstonstall/Kennedy grants, and Marine Fisheries Initiative cooperative agreements to collect data concerning the financial viability of the shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. This study describes new data collection efforts in the Gulf of Mexico and presents a statistical analysis of a data set that combines the newly collected data with historical data sets provided by the authors of existing studies. The statistical analysis suggests that home port and hull construction material do not directly affect the total costs of operating in the shrimp fishery. The resulting statistical model allows the estimation of total operating costs for vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery so that the impacts of proposed fishery management regulations can be determined for cost-benefit analysis.

• Ward, John M., Wade L. Griffin, and Teofilo Ozuna (1995). "Cost and Revenues in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery." Draft report, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Economics and Trade Analysis Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, North, St. Petersburg, FL
  While cost and revenue data is not routinely collected in the southeastern region of the United States, many specialized data collection efforts have been funded by Sea Grant, Salstonstall/Kennedy grants, and Marine Fisheries Initiative cooperative agreements to collect data concerning the financial viability of the shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. This study describes new data collection efforts in the Gulf of Mexico and presents a statistical analysis of a data set that combines the newly collected data with historical data sets provided by the authors of existing studies. The statistical analysis suggests that home port and hull construction material do not directly affect the total costs of operating in the shrimp fishery. The resulting statistical model allows the estimation of total operating costs for vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery so that the impacts of proposed fishery management regulations can be determined for cost-benefit analysis.

• Ward, John M., Teofilo Ozuna, and Wade L. Griffin (1995). "Cost and Revenues in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery." NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-371, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Economics and Trade Analysis Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, North, St. Petersburg, FL, May, 76 pp.
  While cost and revenue data is not routinely collected in the southeastern region of the United States, many specialized data collection efforts have been funded by Sea Grant, Salstonstall/Kennedy grants, and Marine Fisheries Initiative cooperative agreements to collect data concerning the financial viability of the shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. This study describes new data collection efforts in the Gulf of Mexico and presents a statistical analysis of a data set that combines the newly collected data with historical data sets provided by the authors of existing studies. The statistical analysis suggests that home port and hull construction material do not directly affect the total costs of operating in the shrimp fishery. The resulting statistical model allows the estimation of total operating costs for vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery so that the impacts of proposed fishery management regulations can be determined by cost-benefit analysis.

• Wardlaw, N.J. and Wade L. Griffin (1974). "Economic Analysis of Costs and Returns for Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels: 1973." Departmental Technical Report No. 74-3, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, December, 43 pp.
  A budget generating computer program was established to assimilate and report the data according to the desired vessel classifications, interest rate, percent financed, number of years financed, number of loan payments per year, depreciation method, crew share agreement, rate of packing charges, payroll tax rate, discount rate, planning horizon, and object year under consideration. The program reported results in the form of total costs and returns budgets, unit costs and returns budgets, and projected cash flow budgets.

• Warren, John P. and Wade L. Griffin (1978). "Costs and Returns Trends for Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Vessels." DIR 78-1, SP-4, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, September, 20 pp.
  The profitability of Gulf shrimp vessels in recent years has been highly variable, due largely to changes in input costs, shrimp prices, landings, and the cost, financing terms, and configuration of vessels. Ownership of a Gulf shrimp vessel can be a satisfactory investment given the variation in landings over an extended period of time.

• Warren, John P. and Wade L. Griffin (1980). "Costs and Returns Trends in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Industry, 1971-78." Marine Fisheries Review, (February): 1-7.
  This report describes the magnitude and past performance of the Gulf of Mexico shrimp industry, the recent performance of an "average" Gulf shrimp vessel in terms of costs, returns, and basic investment analysis, summarizes data and analyses and, finally, discusses implications.

• Waters, James R. (1995). Reef Fish Cost and Earnings Data. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Piver's Island Road, Beaufort, NC, August.
  A copy of a data set for the cost and returns per trip made by Gulf of Mexico (Florida West Coast) and south Atlantic reef fish fishermen with a set of memorandums that indicate corrections to the data that have been made over time, documentation of the file contents, and a copy of the questionnaires.

• Waters, James R. (1996). "An Economic Survey of Commercial Reef Fish Vessels in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico." National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Piver's Island Road, Beaufort, NC, July.
  This report summarizes the results of a survey of reef fish fishermen in the southeastern U.S. waters. The primary objective of the survey was to collect information needed to describe the financial performance of commercial reef fish vessels in the Gulf of Mexico. Results are presented in terms of group averages, frequency distributions, and other methods of summarization as needed to maintain the confidentiality of individual respondents. The ultimate aim of the study is to determine the economic effects of regulation in the commercial reef fish fishery. Regulation affects fishermen through constraints on how and when they may fish and what they may catch and keep. The economic effects of a particular rule would be calculated as the difference between net revenues with and without that rule.

• Waters, James R. and James M. Nance (1990). "A Description of Trip Data Collected from the 1987 Inshore Shrimp Fishery of Galveston Bay, Texas." NOAA, Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-257, 63 pp.
  Economic information about inshore shrimping trips in Galveston Bay, Texas was collected from fishermen at dockside between May 20 and October 30, 1987. This study presents information about fishing effort, operating costs, landings and revenues per trip for trips with bay and bait licenses in Galveston Bay.

No resources available at this time for primary author's with a last name starting with X, Y nor with Z.